{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T21:07:01Z","timestamp":1760044021535},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little information exists regarding the detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma (ATLL). We evaluated 75 peripheral blood samples from 17 ATLL cases using flow cytometry (FC); 50 of the samples were concurrently evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for clonal T-cell receptor \u03b3 chain (TRG) gene rearrangement and the presence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 proviral sequences. Residual ATLL cells were identified using a multiparametric approach to identify aberrant T-cell immunophenotypes. Malignant T cells were CD4+, CD3 dim+, CD26\u2013, CD25 bright, CD7+, and CD27+, with occasional dim expression of CD2 or CD5. FC exhibited a high sensitivity, detecting as few as 0.29% ATLL cells\/WBC (4.9 cells\/\u03bcL) in the peripheral blood. PCR for TRG gene rearrangement was slightly more sensitive, and FC and PCR complemented each other in detecting MRD. In 2 patients, there was complete remission; 4 patients had disease refractory to therapy, and 3 died; 11 others had persistent disease with variable numbers of ATLL cells in the peripheral blood. Higher levels of ATLL cells appeared to correlate with disease severity. FC detection of aberrant T cells permits sensitive and quantitative monitoring of MRD in ATLL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1309\/ajcps1k0ohljywwv","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]],"date-time":"2010-03-15T20:22:04Z","timestamp":1268684524000},"page":"592-601","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Minimal Residual Disease Detection by Flow Cytometry in Adult T-Cell Leukemia\/Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Haipeng","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constance M.","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liqiang","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Raffeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Janik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryalice","family":"Stetler-Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023011906541377800_b1-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)09460-4","article-title":"Human T-lymphotropic virus type I infection","volume":"353","author":"Manns","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b2-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.53.8.581","article-title":"HTLV-1 infections","volume":"53","author":"Bangham","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b3-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-001-0022-8","article-title":"Human T-cell lymphotropic-I\u2013leukemia\/lymphoma","volume":"2","author":"Siegel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b4-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910430214","article-title":"Modelling the risk of adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma in persons infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type I","volume":"43","author":"Murphy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b5-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90994-6","article-title":"Human T-lymphotropic virus type I in Japan","volume":"343","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b6-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198404000-00003","article-title":"The pathologic spectrum of adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma in the United States: human T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma virus\u2013associated lymphoid malignancies","volume":"8","author":"Jaffe","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b7-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198308043090501","article-title":"Clinical course of retrovirus-associated adult T-cell lymphoma in the United States","volume":"309","author":"Bunn","year":"1983","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b8-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1991.tb08051.x","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria and classification of clinical subtypes of adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma: a report from the Lymphoma Study Group (1984\u201387)","volume":"79","author":"Shimoyama","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b9-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1998.00582.x","article-title":"Management of adult T-cell leukaemia\/lymphoma","volume":"100","author":"Pawson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b10-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.18.2428","article-title":"Definition, prognostic factors, treatment, and response criteria of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma: a proposal from an international consensus meeting","volume":"27","author":"Tsukasaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b11-1330592","first-page":"281","volume-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues","author":"Swerdlow","year":"2008","edition":"4th ed"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b12-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCP5TSD3DZXFLCX","article-title":"The role of multiparameter flow cytometry for detection of minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"131","author":"Al-Mawali","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b13-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V85.6.1416.bloodjournal8561416","article-title":"Detection of minimal residual disease in acute leukemia: methodologic advances and clinical significance","volume":"85","author":"Campana","year":"1995","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b14-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2401459","article-title":"Tandem application of flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction for comprehensive detection of minimal residual disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"13","author":"Neale","year":"1999","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b15-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1309\/KEN4MXM5Y9A1GEMP","article-title":"Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma using CD3 gating","volume":"124","author":"Yokote","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b16-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.49.7.539","article-title":"Differential expression of T cell antigens in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes: a quantitative analysis by flow cytometry","volume":"49","author":"Ginaldi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b17-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.5.2081","article-title":"CD7\u2013 T cells represent a subset of normal human blood lymphocytes","volume":"150","author":"Reinhold","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b18-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1998.tb01571.x","article-title":"The structure and function of CD26 in the T-cell immune response","volume":"161","author":"Morimoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b19-1330592","first-page":"1345","article-title":"CD26\/dipeptidyl peptidase IV and its role in cancer","volume":"19","author":"Pro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b20-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1309\/U1Y6-J4AG-5M4M-7AYV","article-title":"Absence of CD26 expression is a useful marker for diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma in peripheral blood","volume":"115","author":"Jones","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b21-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1309\/05GFG3LY3VYCDMEY","article-title":"The usefulness of CD26 in flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood in S\u00e9zary syndrome","volume":"129","author":"Kelemen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b22-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1532\/IJH97.04066","article-title":"Clinical and oncologic implications in epigenetic down-regulation of CD26\/dipeptidyl peptidase IV in adult T-cell leukemia cells","volume":"80","author":"Tsuji","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b23-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2126(95)00159-X","article-title":"Expression of CD26\/dipeptidyl peptidase IV in adult T cell leukemia\/lymphoma (ATLL)","volume":"20","author":"Kondo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b24-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1309\/G6299513NGLCUB1K","article-title":"Minimal residual disease detection in hairy cell leukemia: comparison of flow cytometric immunophenotyping with clonal analysis using consensus primer polymerase chain reaction for the heavy chain gene","volume":"119","author":"Sausville","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b25-1330592","first-page":"173","article-title":"A simplified method of detection of clonal rearrangements of the T-cell receptor-gamma chain gene","volume":"1","author":"McCarthy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Diagn Mol Pathol"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b26-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-0197(97)10015-0","article-title":"Molecular detection and isolation of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) from patients with HAM\/TSP in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"9","author":"Segurado","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Virol"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b27-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(98)00087-1","article-title":"Quantification of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 proviral load by quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction","volume":"75","author":"Albrecht","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b28-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2007.05.005","article-title":"Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: diagnosis and detection of minimal residual disease following therapy","volume":"27","author":"Digiuseppe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Lab Med"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b29-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.1.29","article-title":"Quantitation of minimal disease levels in chronic lymphocytic leukemia using a sensitive flow cytometric assay improves the prediction of outcome and can be used to optimize therapy","volume":"98","author":"Rawstron","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b30-1330592","first-page":"290","article-title":"Adult T-cell leukemia successfully treated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation","volume":"71","author":"Tajima","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b31-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3380","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-01-0335","article-title":"Durable hematologic complete response and suppression of HTLV-1 viral load following alemtuzumab in zidovudine\/IFN-\u03b1\u2013refractory adult T-cell leukemia","volume":"106","author":"Mone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b32-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2003.12.005","article-title":"Human CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells","volume":"16","author":"Baecher-Allan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b33-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/0470871628.ch6","article-title":"CD4+CD25+ regulatory cells from human peripheral blood express very high levels of CD25 ex vivo","volume":"252","author":"Baecher-Allan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Novartis Found Symp"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b34-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1720.x","article-title":"Differential expression of CD3 and CD7 in T-cell malignancies: a quantitative study by flow cytometry","volume":"93","author":"Ginaldi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b35-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.5.3.362-368.1998","article-title":"Multicolor cytoenzymatic evaluation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26) function in normal and neoplastic human T-lymphocyte populations","volume":"5","author":"Ruiz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b36-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1086\/315088","article-title":"Quantitative proviral DNA and antibody levels in the natural history of HTLV-I infection","volume":"180","author":"Manns","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023011906541377800_b37-1330592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404678","article-title":"Small number of HTLV-1\u2013positive cells frequently remains during complete remission after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation that are heterogeneous in origin among cases with adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma","volume":"21","author":"Yamasaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leukemia"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcp\/article-pdf\/133\/4\/592\/48763663\/ajcp_133_4_592.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcp\/article-pdf\/133\/4\/592\/48763663\/ajcp_133_4_592.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T03:32:15Z","timestamp":1711337535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcp\/article\/133\/4\/592\/1760802"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1309\/ajcps1k0ohljywwv","relation":{},"ISSN":["1943-7722","0002-9173"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1943-7722","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0002-9173","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]}}}