{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T19:05:22Z","timestamp":1793387122209,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains dismal. Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II), a fetal growth factor, is highly expressed during HCC development. We examined serum IGF-II levels and circulating IGF-II messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and analyzed the clinicopathologic characteristics in patients with liver diseases. The higher IGF-II level in the serum of patients with HCC could be correlated with hepatitis B virus infection but not with patient sex, age, tumor size, or \u03b1-fetoprotein (AFP) level. Total RNAs were extracted from liver tissues or peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and IGF-II complementary DNA (cDNA) and AFP cDNA were synthesized through random primers and reverse transcriptase; gene fragments were amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by sequencing. The incidence of the hepatic IGF-II gene was 100% in HCC, 54.3% in paracancerous tissues, and none in noncancerous tissues. The incidence rates for circulating IGF-II and AFP genes were 34.3% and 52.7%, respectively, and for both, 61.6% in patients with HCC. They were 100% in cases with extrahepatic metastasis. The IGF-II abnormality associates with HCC, and circulating IGF-II and IGF-II mRNA are useful molecular markers for HCC differential diagnosis and hematogenous metastasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1309\/ajcptfdse2v3lczp","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,20]],"date-time":"2010-10-20T04:35:01Z","timestamp":1287549301000},"page":"799-806","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Characteristics of Hepatic IGF-II Expression and Monitored Levels of Circulating IGF-II mRNA in Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dengfu","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhizhen","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Diagnostics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liwei","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ninghua","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 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