{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T00:31:06Z","timestamp":1721003466952},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Indian Orthopaedic Research Group","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["jocr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic low back pain causes significant morbidity and increases the global burden of disability. It has been shown to increase psychological, physical, and monetary load on the world population, In the USA alone, it causes an economic burden of 100 billion dollars\/year [1]. Low back pain has been referred to as sciatica pain, lumbar radiculopathy, lumbar nerve entrapment, and neurogenic claudication. It is basically pain arising from the lower back region and radiating like a current to the lower limbs. The two prime causes of this low back pain with radiculopathy are intervertebral disc disease and facet joint arthritis [2]. The pathological aging changes happening in intervertebral disk cause disk herniation and other degenerative diseases such as lumbar canal stenosis and chronic instability. Lumbar radiculopathy or sciatica is mainly caused by compression of the nerve by protruded nucleus pulposus, which is the jelly like material of intervertebral disk [3,4]. Most of the patients with intervertebral disk disease and sciatica can be managed with conservative measures. These include anti-inflammatory analgesics, neuropathic medications such as pregabalin and gabapentin, regular exercises, and epidural steroid injections [5-7]. These measures help to prevent surgery. Significant compression of nerves with no relief from conservative measures qualifies to surgical intervention [2]. ESI, which has been used since 1952, is mainly used for lumbar and neck pain with radicular pain. It has shown excellent and quick results with minimal adverse effects. The ESI consists of injecting the steroids with or without local anesthetic medication in the epidural space to decrease the discogenic source of pain [8-11]. LSEI can be divided according to the needle route (interlaminar, transforaminal, or caudal). In this article, we will go over the various approaches for intralaminar (between the 2 adjacent laminae of lumbar vertebrae), transforaminal (through the intervertebral foramen), and caudal (through the sacral hiatus) epidural steroid injections [12-14].<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.13107\/jocr.2024.v14.i07.4554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]],"date-time":"2024-07-14T12:34:25Z","timestamp":1720960465000},"page":"6-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond the Back: The Science of Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injections"],"prefix":"10.13107","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sachin","family":"Kale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, D Y Patil Hospital and Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Vatkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Spine Surgeon, Fortis Hiranandani Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5271","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]],"date-time":"2024-07-14T12:34:30Z","timestamp":1720960470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jocr.co.in\/wp\/2024\/07\/10\/beyond-the-back-the-science-of-lumbar-epidural-steroid-injections\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13107\/jocr.2024.v14.i07.4554","relation":{},"ISSN":["2321-3817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2321-3817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}