{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:00:59Z","timestamp":1791396059175,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Indian Orthopaedic Research Group","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Jocr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction:\nExisting Hindi patient-reported measures for spinal disorders assess the cervical and lumbar spine separately. The spine functional index (SFI) evaluates whole-spine functional limitation using 25 items, with validated Spanish, Turkish, and Chinese versions, but not Hindi. This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the SFI into Hindi (SFI-Hi) and evaluate its measurement properties, including responsiveness and the minimal clinically important difference (MCID), in Indian patients with spinal disorders.\n\nMaterials and Methods:\nThe SFI was translated and culturally adapted using forward-backward translation, expert review, and pilot testing. One hundred eighty-six consecutive adults with chronic (\u226512 weeks) cervical, lumbar, or combined spinal disorders completed the SFI-Hi, Hindi functional rating index (FRI-Hi), Hindi SF-12, and a pain visual analog scale (VAS); cervical patients also completed the Hindi neck disability index (NDI-Hi), and lumbar patients the Hindi Oswestry disability index (ODI-Hi). Ninety stable participants repeated the SFI-Hi after 5\u20137 days, and 92 treated patients were reassessed at 6 weeks for responsiveness and MCID. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, measurement error, construct validity, principal component analysis (PCA), responsiveness, MCID, and floor\/ceiling effects were assessed.\n\nResult:\nMean SFI-Hi score was 49.0 \u00b1 16.6 on a 0\u2013100 disability scale. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 = 0.92), and test-retest reliability was excellent (ICC2,1 = 0.96, 95% CI 0.94\u20130.98), with a standard error of measurement of 2.8% and minimal detectable change of 6.5%. PCA identified a single dominant component explaining 35.0% of variance. Correlations were observed with the ODI-Hi (r = 0.64), FRI-Hi (r = 0.56), NDI-Hi (r = 0.53), VAS (r = 0.46), and SF-12 physical functioning (r = \u22120.54); only three of six prespecified hypotheses were confirmed. The SFI-Hi demonstrated good responsiveness (standardized response mean 0.84), with a 13.2-point improvement at 6 weeks (P &lt; 0.001); the anchor-based MCID was 8 points (AUC 0.81). No clinically important floor or ceiling effect was observed. I was observed.\n\nConclusion:\nThe SFI-Hi demonstrated high internal consistency, excellent test-retest reliability, good responsiveness, and a predominantly unidimensional structure in this Indian cohort, with partial support for construct validity. It is a promising whole-spine outcome measure for Hindi-speaking patients, warranting further evaluation in larger, more diverse populations.\n\nKeywords:\nSpine functional index , Hindi , cross-cultural adaptation , psychometric validation , patient-reported outcome<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.13107\/jocr.2026.v16.i10.8304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:35:36Z","timestamp":1791394536000},"page":"415-422","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Translating and Validating a Hindi Version of the Spine Functional Index: Cross-cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Testing in an Indian Orthopedic Population"],"prefix":"10.13107","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Sharath","family":"Raj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Jose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saloni Rani","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay G","family":"Goni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5271","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:35:36Z","timestamp":1791394536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jocr.co.in\/wp\/2026\/10\/translating-and-validating-a-hindi-version-of-the-spine-functional-index-cross-cultural-adaptation-and-psychometric-testing-in-an-indian-orthopedic-population\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13107\/jocr.2026.v16.i10.8304","relation":{},"ISSN":["2321-3817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2321-3817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}