{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:23:53Z","timestamp":1774311833454,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Pharmacists Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"DOI":"10.1331\/japha.2009.08122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,7]],"date-time":"2009-02-07T04:43:26Z","timestamp":1233981806000},"page":"e1-e17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy: A primer on insulin pumps"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Lakshmi G.","family":"Potti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stuart T.","family":"Haines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0010","series-title":"Pumping insulin","author":"Walsh","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291401","article-title":"The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"329","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.2337\/diaclin.25.2.50","article-title":"Is there a place for insulin pump therapy in your practice?","volume":"25","author":"Skyler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.13.12.1265","article-title":"Intensive insulin therapy for treatment of type I diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Hirsch","year":"1990","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113338","article-title":"Quantitative study of insulin secretion and clearance in normal and obese subjects","volume":"81","author":"Polonsky","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.13.6.655","article-title":"Physiology and pathophysiology of insulin secretion","volume":"13","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002103420603","article-title":"The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial\/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group. Retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes four years after a trial of intensive therapy","volume":"342","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2643","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052187","article-title":"Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"353","author":"Nathan","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.1.99","article-title":"Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC). Design, implementation, and preliminary results of a long-term follow-up of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial cohort","volume":"22","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400729","article-title":"Long-term comparison of human insulin analogue B10Asp and soluble human insulin in IDDM patients on a basal\/bolus insulin regimen","volume":"38","author":"Nielsen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(97)80091-4","article-title":"Clinical outcomes with insulin lispro compared with human regular insulin: A meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Davey","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Ther."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.12.1337","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of short-acting insulin analogues in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"165","author":"Plank","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.4.3.389","article-title":"Hypoglycemic coma associated with subcutaneous insulin infusion by portable pump","volume":"4","author":"Lock","year":"1981","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2005.01738.x","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and NPH-based multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) on glycaemic control and quality of life: Results of the 5-nations trial","volume":"23","author":"Hoogma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabet Med."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.3.533","article-title":"Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) of insulin aspart versus multiple daily injection of insulin aspart\/insulin glargine in type 1 diabetic patients previously treated with CSII","volume":"28","author":"Hirsch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2002.00713.x","article-title":"Less severe hypoglycaemia, better metabolic control, and improved quality of life in type 1 diabetes mellitus with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy: An observational study of 100 consecutive patients followed for a mean of 2 years","volume":"19","author":"Linkeschova","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabet Med."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0090","first-page":"476","article-title":"Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy: Effects on quality of life","volume":"137","author":"Scheidegger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1185\/030079907X210660","article-title":"The rationale for paired pre- and postprandial self-monitoring of blood glucose: The role of glycemic variability in micro- and macrovascular risk","volume":"23","author":"Gerich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin."},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S150","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-s241","article-title":"Glycemic variability: Should we and can we prevent it?","volume":"31","author":"Monnier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7339.705","article-title":"Glycaemic control with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion compared with intensive insulin injections in patients with type 1 diabetes: Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"324","author":"Pickup","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/414813a","article-title":"Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications","volume":"414","author":"Brownlee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12A","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(02)03145-4","article-title":"Oxidative stress: New approaches to diagnosis and prognosis in atherosclerosis","volume":"91","author":"Heinecke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.44.8.968","article-title":"The relationship of glycemic exposure (HbA1c) to the risk of development and progression of retinopathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial","volume":"44","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2004.10.001","article-title":"Should minimal blood glucose variability become the gold standard of glycemic control?","volume":"19","author":"Hirsch","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1085","article-title":"Evaluation of a new measure of blood glucose variability in diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Kovatchev","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2003.11.020","article-title":"Impaired glucose tolerance and cardiovascular disease: The possible role of post-prandial hyperglycemia","volume":"147","author":"Ceriello","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Heart J."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.3.397","article-title":"Glucose tolerance and cardiovascular mortality: Comparison of fasting and 2-hour diagnostic criteria","volume":"161","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)12131-1","article-title":"The DECODE Study Group, European Diabetes Epidemiology Group. Glucose tolerance and mortality: Comparison of WHO and American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria: Diabetes Epidemiology: Collaborative analysis Of Diagnostic criteria in Europe","volume":"354","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-004-1334-6","article-title":"Hyperglycaemia and mortality from all causes and from cardiovascular disease in five populations of Asian origin","volume":"47","author":"Nakagami","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.08.158","article-title":"Post-prandial hyperglycemia is an important predictor of the incidence of diabetic microangiopathy in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"336","author":"Shiraiwa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun."},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0160","first-page":"B21","article-title":"Long-term results of the Kumamoto Study on optimal diabetes control in type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"23","author":"Shichiri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-006-9018-9","article-title":"The renaissance of insulin pump treatment in childhood type 1 diabetes","volume":"7","author":"Tamborlane","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.19.2293","article-title":"Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: A comprehensive review of insulin pump therapy","volume":"161","author":"Lenhard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3265","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03350230025026","article-title":"Acute complications associated with insulin infusion pump therapy: Report of experience with 161 patients","volume":"252","author":"Mecklenburg","year":"1984","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.4.6.624","article-title":"Cutaneous complications of chronic continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy","volume":"4","author":"Pietri","year":"1981","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1177\/014572179301900110","article-title":"Initiation and management of insulin pump therapy","volume":"19","author":"Strowig","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetes Educ."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2644","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1985.03350420054010","article-title":"Complications of insulin infusion pump therapy","volume":"253","author":"Bending","year":"1985","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)92585-0","article-title":"Effect of 1 year of near-normal blood glucose levels on retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetics","volume":"1","author":"Lauritzen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.2337\/diaspect.15.2.72","article-title":"Selecting children and adolescents for insulin pump therapy: Medical and behavioral considerations","volume":"15","author":"Cogen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Spectrum."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03370050059021","article-title":"Insulin pump treatment in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Children, adolescents, and young adults","volume":"255","author":"Brink","year":"1986","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0210","first-page":"759","article-title":"Insulin pump therapy in type 1 pediatric patients","volume":"12","author":"Kaufman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0215","first-page":"S12","article-title":"American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes\u20132008","volume":"31","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0220","first-page":"1049","article-title":"Hyperinsulinemia prevents prolonged hyperglycemia after intense exercise in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects","volume":"79","author":"Sigal","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-70-1-162","article-title":"Islet hormonal regulation of glucose turnover during exercise in type 1 diabetes","volume":"70","author":"Shilo","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112279","article-title":"Glucoregulation during exercise: Hypoglycemia is prevented by redundant glucoregulatory systems, sympathochromaffin activation, and changes in islet hormone secretion","volume":"77","author":"Hoelzer","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08122_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.11.1.46","article-title":"Factors related to discontinuation of continuous subcutaneous insulin-infusion therapy","volume":"11","author":"Guinn","year":"1988","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Pharmacists Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1544319115309456?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1544319115309456?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,22]],"date-time":"2018-12-22T01:54:23Z","timestamp":1545443663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1544319115309456"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1544319115309456"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1331\/japha.2009.08122","relation":{},"ISSN":["1544-3191"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1544-3191","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}}}