{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:05:46Z","timestamp":1790805946305,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Bristol University Press","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000279","name":"Nuffield Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JUS \/FR-000022636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JUS \/FR-000022636"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000279","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We examine the extent to which experience of out-of-home residential care (OHC) during childhood (ages 0\u201316) relates to development in the \u2018next generation\u2019. Specifically, we ask whether maternal experience of OHC during her own childhood is associated with the behavioural, emotional and cognitive development of her child (age 3), drawing on data collected for the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Comparing the children of OHC experienced mothers with those whose mothers had not spent time in care, we observe stark raw differences between their early development, with children of OHC mothers performing worse across all domains examined \u2013 cognitive (language and school readiness), behavioural and emotional adjustment. Using regression analyses, we show that while the disadvantages in cognitive (language) and emotional adjustment among children of OHC experienced mothers are explained by differences in the child\u2019s family demographic characteristics and socio-economic status (SES), the associations between maternal OHC experience and behavioural problems and school readiness remain. Behavioural differences are mediated by aspects of parenting behaviours and the parent\u2013child relationship; school readiness differences are only fully attenuated once maternal health and wellbeing measures are further accounted for. This article highlights the importance of extending support for those with OHC experience into adult life, particularly for those who become parents, and for particular attention to be given to initiatives that nurture parent\u2013child relationships to help break the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1332\/17579597y2024d000000033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T22:15:36Z","timestamp":1733004936000},"page":"45-74","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The OHC penalty in the UK: maternal experience and child development"],"prefix":"10.1332","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Emla","family":"Fitzsimons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Parsons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Schoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"165","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics","first-page":"274","article-title":"Modifiers of long-term school outcomes for children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: does treatment with stimulant medication make a difference? 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