{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:51:17Z","timestamp":1791499877779,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Bristol University Press","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study uses longitudinal data from Germany to examine how socioeconomic position across the life course and employment stability are associated with self-rated health (SRH) in mid-adulthood, and whether employment stability compensates for cumulative disadvantage. While previous research has already sufficiently documented links between socioeconomic position in childhood and various health outcomes, long-term mechanisms across life courses remain less understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>To address this gap, the study adopts a life-course perspective that captures the accumulation of socioeconomic positions and employment trajectories over time. The national institutional context provides an interpretative framework for understanding how these trajectories unfold under the structural conditions of a liberalising, activation-oriented welfare state.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Using data from the 2012 wave of the LifE study (\u2018Pathways from Late Childhood to Adulthood\u2019), the analysis combines a cumulative (dis)advantage index with an employment turbulence index and estimates linear regression models predicting SRH at 45.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results show a small but consistent negative association between cumulative disadvantage and SRH (\u03b2 \u2248 \u22120.05). Employment turbulence is likewise negatively associated with SRH (\u03b2 \u2248 \u22120.05 to \u22120.06), although this association is partly attenuated after adjustment for current employment. Interaction models provide limited support for a compensatory role of stability. Employment instability among socioeconomically advantaged individuals is associated with substantially lower predicted SRH (\u0394SRH = \u22120.32), while the combination of cumulative disadvantage and instability shows the poorest SRH (\u0394SRH = \u22120.34).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The findings suggest that health inequalities in mid-adulthood reflect not only current circumstances, but also the accumulation of socioeconomic disadvantage and instability across the life course.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1332\/17579597y2026d000000092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:16:07Z","timestamp":1791497767000},"page":"1-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cumulative (dis)advantage, employment turbulence and health: evidence from the German LifE study"],"prefix":"10.1332","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6237-6325","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Johanna","family":"Turgetto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/https:\/\/ror.org\/03bnmw459University of Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"165","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"The Journals of Gerontology: Series B","first-page":"95","article-title":"Childhood socioeconomic status and late-adulthood mental health: results from the survey on health, ageing and retirement in Europe","volume":"74","author":"Angelini, V.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Angelini, V., Howdon, D.D.H. and Mierau, J.O. (2019) Childhood socioeconomic status and late-adulthood mental health: results from the survey on health, ageing and retirement in Europe, The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 74(1): 95\u2013104, doi: 10.1093\/geronb\/gby028"},{"issue":"4","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"PLOS ONE","first-page":"e0195320","article-title":"Early-life conditions and health at older ages: the mediating role of educational attainment, family and employment trajectories","volume":"13","author":"Arpino, B.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arpino, B., Gum\u00e0, J. and Juli\u00e0, A. (2018) Early-life conditions and health at older ages: the mediating role of educational attainment, family and employment trajectories, PLOS ONE, 13(4): e0195320, doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0195320"},{"issue":"4","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"European Sociological Review","first-page":"588","article-title":"Socio-economic family background and adult children\u2019s health in Germany: the role of intergenerational transmission of education","volume":"37","author":"Arr\u00e1nz Becker, O.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arr\u00e1nz Becker, O. and Loter, K. (2021) Socio-economic family background and adult children\u2019s health in Germany: the role of intergenerational transmission of education, European Sociological Review, 37(4): 588\u2013606, doi: 10.1093\/esr\/jcaa063"},{"issue":"5","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"JAMA Network Open","first-page":"e258855","article-title":"Mediators of the association between child education and adult health","volume":"8","author":"Bleil, M.E.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bleil, M.E., Roisman, G.I., Hamilton, D.T., Gregorich, S.E., Magro, S.W., Appelhans, B.M., et al (2025) Mediators of the association between child education and adult health, JAMA Network Open, 8(5): e258855, doi: 10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.8855"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"Schweizerische Zeitschrift F\u00fcr Soziologie, Cumulative and Compensatory Effects over the Life Course","first-page":"183","article-title":"Social inequalities in a life course perspective","volume":"35","author":"Burton-Jeangros, C.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Burton-Jeangros, C. and Widmer, E.D. (2009) Social inequalities in a life course perspective, Schweizerische Zeitschrift F\u00fcr Soziologie, Cumulative and Compensatory Effects over the Life Course, 35(2): 183\u201392, doi: 10.5169\/seals-815045"},{"key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Health Policy","first-page":"105216","article-title":"Gendered employment trajectories and later life health in liberal regime countries: a quantitative study in the United States, England, Switzerland and Chile","volume":"152","author":"Cabib, I.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cabib, I., Azar, A., Baumann, I., Biehl, A., Corna, L., Mautz, E., et al (2025) Gendered employment trajectories and later life health in liberal regime countries: a quantitative study in the United States, England, Switzerland and Chile, Health Policy, 152: 105216, doi: 10.1016\/j.healthpol.2024.105216"},{"issue":"6","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"PLoS ONE","first-page":"e66204","article-title":"Factors influencing adult physical health after controlling for current health conditions: evidence from a British cohort","volume":"8","author":"Cheng, H.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cheng, H. and Furnham, A. (2013) Factors influencing adult physical health after controlling for current health conditions: evidence from a British cohort, PLoS ONE, 8(6): e66204, doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0066204"},{"issue":"8","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","first-page":"703","article-title":"Early-life socioeconomic circumstances explain health differences in old age, but not their evolution over time","volume":"73","author":"Cheval, B.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheval, B., Orsholits, D., Sieber, S., Stringhini, S., Courvoisier, D., Kliegel, M., et al (2019) Early-life socioeconomic circumstances explain health differences in old age, but not their evolution over time, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 73(8): 703\u201311, doi: 10.1136\/jech-2019-212110"},{"issue":"270","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"Economica","first-page":"221","article-title":"Scarring: the psychological impact of past unemployment","volume":"68","author":"Clark, A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Clark, A., Georgellis, Y. and Sanfey, P. (2001) Scarring: the psychological impact of past unemployment, Economica, 68(270): 221\u201341, doi: 10.1111\/1468-0335.00243"},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"European Journal of Population","first-page":"Article 3","article-title":"Joint family and work trajectories and multidimensional wellbeing","volume":"37","author":"Comolli, C.L.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Comolli, C.L., Bernardi, L. and Voorpostel, M. (2021) Joint family and work trajectories and multidimensional wellbeing, European Journal of Population, 37(3): Article 3. doi: 10.1007\/s10680-021-09583-3"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"Advances in Life Course Research","first-page":"150","article-title":"A life course perspective on socioeconomic inequalities in health: a critical review of conceptual frameworks","volume":"18","author":"Corna, L.M.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Corna, L.M. (2013) A life course perspective on socioeconomic inequalities in health: a critical review of conceptual frameworks, Advances in Life Course Research, 18(2): 150\u20139, doi: 10.1016\/j.alcr.2013.01.002"},{"issue":"4","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"Journal of Occupational Health Psychology","first-page":"324","article-title":"The relative effects of deprivation of the latent and manifest benefits of employment on the well-being of unemployed people","volume":"6","author":"Creed, P.A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Creed, P.A. and Macintyre, S.R. (2001) The relative effects of deprivation of the latent and manifest benefits of employment on the well-being of unemployed people, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6(4): 324\u201331, doi: 10.1037\/1076-8998.6.4.324"},{"issue":"6","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","first-page":"S327","article-title":"Cumulative advantage\/disadvantage and the life course: cross-fertilizing age and social science theory","volume":"58","author":"Dannefer, D.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dannefer, D. (2003) Cumulative advantage\/disadvantage and the life course: cross-fertilizing age and social science theory, The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58(6): S327\u201337, doi: 10.1093\/geronb\/58.6.s327"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0014","series-title":"Schweizerische Zeitschrift F\u00fcr Soziologie","first-page":"193","article-title":"Stability, homogeneity, agency: cumulative dis\/advantage and problems of theory","volume":"35","author":"Dannefer, D.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dannefer, D. (2009) Stability, homogeneity, agency: cumulative dis\/advantage and problems of theory, Schweizerische Zeitschrift F\u00fcr Soziologie, 35(2): 193\u2013210, doi: 10.5169\/SEALS-815046"},{"key":"CIT0015","article-title":"Bildung und Kultur. Pr\u00fcfungen an Hochschulen (Fachserie 11, Reihe 4.2),","year":"2013","unstructured":"DESTATIS (2013) Bildung und Kultur. Pr\u00fcfungen an Hochschulen (Fachserie 11, Reihe 4.2), Statistisches Bundesamt, https:\/\/www.statistischebibliothek.de\/mir\/servlets\/MCRFileNodeServlet\/DEHeft_derivate_00012164\/2110420127004.pdf."},{"key":"CIT0016","series-title":"Demographic Research","first-page":"1375","article-title":"Longitudinal employment trajectories and health in middle life: insights from linked administrative and survey data","volume":"40","author":"Devillanova, C.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Devillanova, C., Raitano, M. and Struffolino, E. (2019) Longitudinal employment trajectories and health in middle life: insights from linked administrative and survey data, Demographic Research, 40: 1375\u2013412, doi: 10.4054\/demres.2019.40.47"},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0017","series-title":"European Journal of Public Health","first-page":"517","article-title":"Health and socioeconomic circumstances over three generations as predictors of youth unemployment trajectories","volume":"29","author":"Doku, D.T.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Doku, D.T., Acacio-Claro, P.J., Koivusilta, L. and Rimpel\u00e4, A. (2019) Health and socioeconomic circumstances over three generations as predictors of youth unemployment trajectories, European Journal of Public Health, 29(3): 517\u201323, doi: 10.1093\/eurpub\/cky242"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"CIT0018","series-title":"European Journal of Population\/Revue Europ\u00e9enne de D\u00e9mographie","first-page":"225","article-title":"De-standardization of family-life trajectories of young adults: a cross-national comparison using sequence analysis","volume":"23","author":"Elzinga, C.H.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Elzinga, C.H. and Liefbroer, A.C. (2007) De-standardization of family-life trajectories of young adults: a cross-national comparison using sequence analysis, European Journal of Population\/Revue Europ\u00e9enne de D\u00e9mographie, 23(3\u20134): 225\u201350, doi: 10.1007\/s10680-007-9133-7"},{"key":"CIT0018a","series-title":"LifE-Studie","author":"Fend, H.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fend, H., Lauterbach, W., Berger, F., Grob, U., Maag Merki, K. and Georg, W. (2012) LifE-Studie [Data set], GESIS Data Archive, doi: 10.7802\/1924"},{"key":"CIT0019","series-title":"Handbook of Theories of Aging","first-page":"413","article-title":"Cumulative inequality theory for research on aging and the life course,","author":"Ferraro, K.F.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ferraro, K.F., Shippee, T.P. and Schafer, M.H. (2009) Cumulative inequality theory for research on aging and the life course, in V.L. Bengtson, R.A. Settersten, B.K. Kennedy, N. Morrow-Howell and J. Smith (eds) Handbook of Theories of Aging, Springer, pp 413\u201333."},{"issue":"4","key":"CIT0020","series-title":"Empirical Economics","first-page":"1251","article-title":"The associations between early life circumstances and later life health and employment in Europe","volume":"47","author":"Flores, M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Flores, M. and Kalwij, A. (2014) The associations between early life circumstances and later life health and employment in Europe, Empirical Economics, 47(4): 1251\u201382, doi: 10.1007\/s00181-013-0785-3"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0021","series-title":"Schmollers Jahrbuch","first-page":"217","article-title":"Working part-time in the British, German and Dutch labour market: scarring for the wage career?","volume":"129","author":"Fouarge, D.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fouarge, D. and Muffels, R. (2009) Working part-time in the British, German and Dutch labour market: scarring for the wage career? Schmollers Jahrbuch, 129(2): 217\u201326, doi: 10.3790\/schm.129.2.217"},{"key":"CIT0022","article-title":"Occupational status measures for the new international standard classification of occupations (ISCO-08): with a discussion of the new classification","author":"Ganzeboom, H.B.G.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ganzeboom, H.B.G. and Treiman, D.J. (2010) Occupational status measures for the new international standard classification of occupations (ISCO-08): with a discussion of the new classification, http:\/\/www.harryganzeboom.nl\/isol\/isol2010c2-ganzeboom.pdf."},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0023","series-title":"Social Science Research","first-page":"Article 1","article-title":"A standard international socio-economic index of occupational status","volume":"21","author":"Ganzeboom, H.B.G.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ganzeboom, H.B.G., De Graaf, P.M. and Treiman, D.J. (1992) A standard international socio-economic index of occupational status, Social Science Research, 21(1): Article 1. doi: 10.1016\/0049-089X(92)90017-B"},{"issue":"6","key":"CIT0024","series-title":"European Sociological Review","first-page":"629","article-title":"Socio-economic risks of atypical employment relationships: evidence from the German labour market","volume":"25","author":"Giesecke, J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Giesecke, J. (2009) Socio-economic risks of atypical employment relationships: evidence from the German labour market, European Sociological Review, 25(6): 629\u201346, doi: 10.1093\/esr\/jcp012"},{"issue":"4","key":"CIT0025","series-title":"Social Science & Medicine","first-page":"849","article-title":"Trajectories of functional health: the \u2018long arm\u2019 of childhood health and socioeconomic factors","volume":"66","author":"Haas, S.A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haas, S.A. (2008) Trajectories of functional health: the \u2018long arm\u2019 of childhood health and socioeconomic factors, Social Science & Medicine, 66(4): 849\u201361, doi: 10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.11.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0026","series-title":"Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research","first-page":"57","article-title":"The German system of vocational education and training: challenges of gender, academisation and the integration of low-achieving youth","volume":"26","author":"Haasler, S.R.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haasler, S.R. (2020) The German system of vocational education and training: challenges of gender, academisation and the integration of low-achieving youth, Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 26(1): 57\u201371, doi: 10.1177\/1024258919898115"},{"key":"CIT0027","series-title":"Advances in Life Course Research","first-page":"100362","article-title":"School performance and mortality: the mediating role of educational attainment and work and family trajectories across the life course","volume":"46","author":"Halpern-Manners, A.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Halpern-Manners, A., Raymo, J.M., Warren, J.R. and Johnson, K.L. (2020) School performance and mortality: the mediating role of educational attainment and work and family trajectories across the life course, Advances in Life Course Research, 46: 100362, doi: 10.1016\/j.alcr.2020.100362"},{"issue":"4","key":"CIT0028","series-title":"Behavior Research Methods","first-page":"709","article-title":"Using heteroskedasticity-consistent standard error estimators in OLS regression: an introduction and software implementation","volume":"39","author":"Hayes, A.F.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hayes, A.F. and Cai, L. (2007) Using heteroskedasticity-consistent standard error estimators in OLS regression: an introduction and software implementation, Behavior Research Methods, 39(4): 709\u201322, doi: 10.3758\/bf03192961"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"CIT0029","series-title":"Journal of Education and Work","first-page":"92","article-title":"Education, employment, and care work over adulthood: gendered life course trajectories in Canada and Germany","volume":"37","author":"Jongbloed, J.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jongbloed, J., Turgetto, J., Andres, L. and Lauterbach, W. (2024) Education, employment, and care work over adulthood: gendered life course trajectories in Canada and Germany, Journal of Education and Work, 37(1\u20134): 92\u2013114, doi: 10.1080\/13639080.2024.2362630"},{"issue":"12","key":"CIT0030","series-title":"European Journal of Epidemiology","first-page":"773","article-title":"Are different measures of self-rated health comparable? An assessment in five European countries","volume":"23","author":"J\u00fcrges, H.","year":"2008","unstructured":"J\u00fcrges, H., Avendano, M. and Mackenbach, J.P. (2008) Are different measures of self-rated health comparable? An assessment in five European countries, European Journal of Epidemiology, 23(12): 773\u201381, doi: 10.1007\/s10654-008-9287-6"},{"key":"CIT0031","series-title":"Journal of Vocational Behavior","first-page":"103308","article-title":"Trajectories of insecurity: young adults\u2019 employment entry, health and well-being","volume":"115","author":"Klug, K.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Klug, K., Drobni\u010d, S. and Brockmann, H. (2019) Trajectories of insecurity: young adults\u2019 employment entry, health and well-being, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 115: 103308, doi: 10.1016\/j.jvb.2019.05.005"},{"key":"CIT0032","series-title":"European Journal of Public Health","first-page":"ckz128","article-title":"Social mobility, accumulation of disadvantages and health: an analysis with retrospective data from the GSOEP (2002\u201314)","author":"Kn\u00f6chelmann, A.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kn\u00f6chelmann, A., G\u00fcnther, S., Moor, I., Seifert, N. and Richter, M. (2019) Social mobility, accumulation of disadvantages and health: an analysis with retrospective data from the GSOEP (2002\u201314), European Journal of Public Health, ckz128, doi: 10.1093\/eurpub\/ckz128"},{"key":"CIT0033","series-title":"A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology","first-page":"371","article-title":"Socioeconomic pathways between childhood and adult health,","author":"Kuh, D.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kuh, D., Power, C., Blane, D. and Bartley, M. (2004) Socioeconomic pathways between childhood and adult health, in D. Kuh and Y. Ben-Shlomo (eds) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, 2nd edn, Oxford University Press, pp 371\u201395."},{"key":"CIT0034","series-title":"LifE: Lebensverl\u00e4ufe von der sp\u00e4ten Kindheit ins fortgeschrittene Erwachsenenalter, Beschreibung der Studie","author":"Lauterbach, W.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lauterbach, W., Fend, H. and Gl\u00e4\u00dfer, J. (2016) LifE: Lebensverl\u00e4ufe von der sp\u00e4ten Kindheit ins fortgeschrittene Erwachsenenalter, Beschreibung der Studie, Universit\u00e4tsverlag Potsdam."},{"key":"CIT0035","series-title":"Bildung und Sozialisation. Weiterf\u00fchrende Perspektiven auf das Werk von Helmut Fend","article-title":"Zufriedenheit am Ende der mittleren Lebensphase. Zur Bedeutung von Stabilit\u00e4t und Instabilit\u00e4t in Partnerschafts- und Erwerbsverl\u00e4ufen,","author":"Lauterbach, W.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lauterbach, W., Jung, J. and Turgetto, J. (2025) Zufriedenheit am Ende der mittleren Lebensphase. Zur Bedeutung von Stabilit\u00e4t und Instabilit\u00e4t in Partnerschafts- und Erwerbsverl\u00e4ufen, in C. Kraler, C. Schreiner and F. Berger (eds) Bildung und Sozialisation. Weiterf\u00fchrende Perspektiven auf das Werk von Helmut Fend, Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, doi: 10.35468\/6202"},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0036","series-title":"Demography","first-page":"901","article-title":"Education and physical health trajectories in later life: a comparative study","volume":"55","author":"Leopold, L.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leopold, L. (2018) Education and physical health trajectories in later life: a comparative study, Demography, 55(3): 901\u201327, doi: 10.1007\/s13524-018-0674-7"},{"key":"CIT0037","series-title":"Sozialpolitik und Sozialstaat","first-page":"41","article-title":"\u2018Aktivierender\u2019 Sozialstaat: Eine politisch-soziologische Zwischenbilanz,","author":"Lessenich, S.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lessenich, S. (2012) \u2018Aktivierender\u2019 Sozialstaat: Eine politisch-soziologische Zwischenbilanz, in R. Bispinck, G. Bosch, K. Hofemann and G. Naegele (eds) Sozialpolitik und Sozialstaat, VS Verlag f\u00fcr Sozialwissenschaften, pp 41\u201353, doi: 10.1007\/978-3-531-19024-2_3"},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0038","series-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence","first-page":"540","article-title":"Long-term effects of acceptance and rejection by parents and peers on educational attainment: a study from pre-adolescence to early adulthood","volume":"51","author":"Lorijn, S.J.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lorijn, S.J., Engels, M.C., Huisman, M. and Veenstra, R. (2022) Long-term effects of acceptance and rejection by parents and peers on educational attainment: a study from pre-adolescence to early adulthood, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 51(3): 540\u201355, doi: 10.1007\/s10964-021-01506-z"},{"key":"CIT0039","article-title":"Aktivierender Staat und aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik [Www.bpb.de]","author":"Oschmiansky, F.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oschmiansky, F. and Berthold, J. (2020) Aktivierender Staat und aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik [Www.bpb.de], https:\/\/www.bpb.de\/themen\/arbeit\/arbeitsmarktpolitik\/305858\/aktivierender-staat-und-aktivierende-arbeitsmarktpolitik\/."},{"issue":"9","key":"CIT0040","series-title":"Flexibilisierung \u2013 Intensivierung \u2013 Entgrenzung: Wandel der Arbeitsbedingungen und Gesundheit (WSI-Mitteilungen)","first-page":"491","volume":"58","author":"Priester, K.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Priester, K. and Lenhardt, U. (2005) Flexibilisierung \u2013 Intensivierung \u2013 Entgrenzung: Wandel der Arbeitsbedingungen und Gesundheit (WSI-Mitteilungen), 58(9): 491\u20137."},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0041","series-title":"The Journals of Gerontology: Series B","first-page":"451","article-title":"Early-life socioeconomic status and mortality in later life: an integration of four life-course mechanisms","volume":"69","author":"Pudrovska, T.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pudrovska, T. and Anikputa, B. (2014) Early-life socioeconomic status and mortality in later life: an integration of four life-course mechanisms, The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 69(3): 451\u201360, doi: 10.1093\/geronb\/gbt122"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0042","series-title":"BMC Public Health","first-page":"1823","article-title":"Young people\u2019s health and well-being during the school-to-work transition: a prospective cohort study comparing post-secondary pathways","volume":"22","author":"Reuter, M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reuter, M., Herke, M., Richter, M., Diehl, K., Hoffmann, S., Pischke, C.R., et al (2022) Young people\u2019s health and well-being during the school-to-work transition: a prospective cohort study comparing post-secondary pathways, BMC Public Health, 22(1): 1823, doi: 10.1186\/s12889-022-14227-0"},{"issue":"4","key":"CIT0043","series-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health","first-page":"290","article-title":"Associations between precarious employment trajectories and mental health among older workers in Germany: vertical and horizontal inequalities","volume":"50","author":"Rohrbacher, M.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rohrbacher, M., Hasselhorn, H.M. and Matilla-Santander, N. (2024) Associations between precarious employment trajectories and mental health among older workers in Germany: vertical and horizontal inequalities, Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 50(4): 290\u20139, doi: 10.5271\/sjweh.4160"},{"key":"CIT0044","series-title":"Soziologie des Privaten","first-page":"147","article-title":"Flexibilisierung, Prekarisierung und das Individuum,","author":"Sander, N.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sander, N. (2011) Flexibilisierung, Prekarisierung und das Individuum, in K. Hahn and C. Koppetsch (eds) Soziologie des Privaten, VS Verlag f\u00fcr Sozialwissenschaften, pp 147\u201367, doi: 10.1007\/978-3-531-93460-0_8"},{"issue":"5","key":"CIT0045","series-title":"European Sociological Review","first-page":"427","article-title":"Patterns of labour market entry \u2013 long wait or career instability? An empirical comparison of Italy, Great Britain and West Germany","volume":"21","author":"Scherer, S.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Scherer, S. (2005) Patterns of labour market entry \u2013 long wait or career instability? An empirical comparison of Italy, Great Britain and West Germany, European Sociological Review, 21(5): 427\u201340, doi: 10.1093\/esr\/jci029"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0046","series-title":"European Journal of Public Health","first-page":"200","article-title":"How is your health in general? A qualitative study on self-assessed health","volume":"15","author":"Simon, J.G.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Simon, J.G., De Boer, J.B., Joung, I.M.A., Bosma, H. and Mackenbach, J.P. (2005) How is your health in general? A qualitative study on self-assessed health, European Journal of Public Health, 15(2): 200\u20138, doi: 10.1093\/eurpub\/cki102"},{"issue":"5","key":"CIT0047","series-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology","first-page":"1072","article-title":"Socioeconomic trajectories across the life course and health outcomes in midlife: evidence for the accumulation hypothesis?","volume":"33","author":"Singh-Manoux, A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Singh-Manoux, A., Ferrie, J.E., Chandola, T. and Marmot, M. (2004) Socioeconomic trajectories across the life course and health outcomes in midlife: evidence for the accumulation hypothesis? International Journal of Epidemiology, 33(5): 1072\u20139, doi: 10.1093\/ije\/dyh224"},{"key":"CIT0048","series-title":"Advances in Life Course Research","article-title":"The impact of educational and work trajectories on wellbeing in midlife: a comparison of Canada and Germany","volume":"67","author":"Turgetto, J.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Turgetto, J., Jongbloed, J., Lauterbach, W. and Andres, L. (2026) The impact of educational and work trajectories on wellbeing in midlife: a comparison of Canada and Germany, Advances in Life Course Research, 67, doi: 10.1016\/j.alcr.2025.100712"},{"key":"CIT0049","series-title":"Advances in Life Course Research","first-page":"100495","article-title":"Gendered work-family life courses and late-life physical functioning: a comparative analysis from 28 European countries","volume":"53","author":"Uccheddu, D.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Uccheddu, D., Emery, T., Gauthier, A.H. and Steverink, N. (2022) Gendered work-family life courses and late-life physical functioning: a comparative analysis from 28 European countries, Advances in Life Course Research, 53: 100495, doi: 10.1016\/j.alcr.2022.100495"},{"issue":"7","key":"CIT0050","series-title":"The Journals of Gerontology: Series B","first-page":"1263","article-title":"Late life employment histories and their association with work and family formation during adulthood: a sequence analysis based on ELSA","volume":"73","author":"Wahrendorf, M.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wahrendorf, M., Zaninotto, P., Hoven, H., Head, J. and Carr, E. (2018) Late life employment histories and their association with work and family formation during adulthood: a sequence analysis based on ELSA, The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 73(7): 1263\u201377, doi: 10.1093\/geronb\/gbx066"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0051","series-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology","first-page":"Article 2","article-title":"Adverse employment histories and health functioning: the CONSTANCES study","volume":"48","author":"Wahrendorf, M.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wahrendorf, M., Hoven, H., Goldberg, M., Zins, M. and Siegrist, J. (2019) Adverse employment histories and health functioning: the CONSTANCES study, International Journal of Epidemiology, 48(2): Article 2. doi: 10.1093\/ije\/dyy235"},{"issue":"4","key":"CIT0052","series-title":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","first-page":"374","article-title":"Adverse employment histories and allostatic load: associations over the working life","volume":"76","author":"Wahrendorf, M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wahrendorf, M., Chandola, T., Goldberg, M., Zins, M., Hoven, H. and Siegrist, J. (2022) Adverse employment histories and allostatic load: associations over the working life, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 76(4): 374\u201381, doi: 10.1136\/jech-2021-217607"},{"issue":"5","key":"CIT0053","series-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","first-page":"684","article-title":"Intergenerational educational pathways and self-rated health in adolescence and young adulthood: results of the German KiGGS cohort","volume":"16","author":"Waldhauer, J.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Waldhauer, J., Kuntz, B., Mauz, E. and Lampert, T. (2019) Intergenerational educational pathways and self-rated health in adolescence and young adulthood: results of the German KiGGS cohort, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(5): 684, doi: 10.3390\/ijerph16050684"},{"key":"CIT0054","series-title":"Social Determinants of Health: The Solid Facts","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wilkinson, R.G. and Marmot, M.G. (eds) (2003) Social Determinants of Health: The Solid Facts, 2nd edn, Regional Office for Europe."},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0055","series-title":"International Journal of Social Welfare","first-page":"e12676","article-title":"What if it is not just an additional income? Poverty risks of non\u2010standard employment histories in Germany","volume":"34","author":"Wolf, F.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wolf, F. (2025) What if it is not just an additional income? Poverty risks of non\u2010standard employment histories in Germany, International Journal of Social Welfare, 34(1): e12676, doi: 10.1111\/ijsw.12676"}],"container-title":["Longitudinal and Life Course Studies"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bristoluniversitypressdigital.com\/view\/journals\/llcs\/aop\/article-10.1332-17579597Y2026D000000092\/article-10.1332-17579597Y2026D000000092.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bristoluniversitypressdigital.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/llcs\/aop\/article-10.1332-17579597Y2026D000000092\/article-10.1332-17579597Y2026D000000092.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:16:08Z","timestamp":1791497768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bristoluniversitypressdigital.com\/view\/journals\/llcs\/aop\/article-10.1332-17579597Y2026D000000092\/article-10.1332-17579597Y2026D000000092.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"references-count":56,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1332\/17579597y2026d000000092","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-9597"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-9597","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]}}}