Chapter 3, Neoliberalism: A CritiqueDespite many crises and widespread public and academic criticism, neoliberalism survives as a hegemonic ideology. Following a summary of neoliberalism’s development, seven dimensions of theory and practice are outlined where it may be faulted. Neoliberal theory by putting individual behaviour as the drivers of economic development and wealth creation gives insufficient attention to the unequal division of economic and political power. The absence of countervailing power may lead to economies operating for long periods of time at sub-optimal conditions. States, rather than countervailing economic forces, have resolved economic crisis caused by systemic economic imbalances. While promoting diversity and mobility, neoliberalism ignores the constitution of inequality which is based on the unequal ownership of property. The theory is unable to articulate holistic knowledge. It is contended that societies and collaborative human behaviour create civilisations, rather than the neoliberal assumptions of individual self-interest working through market mechanisms.