{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T22:28:53Z","timestamp":1770157733672,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698278400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["GeA"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Overwash is a natural storm-related process that occurs when wave runup overcomes the dune crest. Because coastlines are globally occupied, overwash is a hazardous process and there is a need to identify vulnerable areas. This study proposes a method to detect overwash-prone areas in the Anc\u00e3o peninsula, Portugal, and eventually outlines a vulnerability map. Dune base (DLOW) and crest (DHIGH) topography were surveyed. Three different storm scenarios (5-, 10- and 25- year return period storms) and associated waves and sea level were determined. According to these data, extreme wave runup (RHIGH) was calculated by a parameterisation set for intermediate-reflective beaches. The maps for collision and overwash regimes were designed by comparing RHIGH values with DLOW and DHIGH. Almost the entire dune base along the peninsula is vulnerable to collision regime. The overwash process was identified mainly along the tidal inlet hazard area and within the human-occupied portion of the beach, where overwash is expected to occur within 5 years of return period. The developed method considers the main overwash driving forces and proved to identify hazardous areas previously observed in the area. Occasional differences between modelled and observed overwash areas can be attributable to equipment errors, morphology interpretation subjectivity and maladjustments in runup parameterisation. Nevertheless, the method proved to be effective in reproducing the overall Anc\u00e3o peninsula vulnerability and can be widely applied. Therefore, it is a simple and potentially important tool for coastal management that enables mitigation strategies for occupied coasts and assessment of geological and ecological consequences in natural areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1344\/105.000001743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T09:30:46Z","timestamp":1770111046000},"page":"427-437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Overwash hazard assessment"],"prefix":"10.1344","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"B.A.","family":"RODRIGUES","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"MATIAS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"\u00d3.","family":"FERREIRA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"17854","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"258372","unstructured":"Andrade, C., 1990. O ambiente de barreira da Ria Formosa, Algarve-Portugal. Doctoral Thesis. Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 627pp."},{"key":"258373","unstructured":"Andrade, C., Barata, A., Teles, M., 1998. An analysis of the vulnerability to overwash of the Ria Formosa barrier system (Portugal) using a simple multi-attribute rating technique (SMART) approach. Barcelona, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium Littoral\u201998, EUROCOAST, 511-519."},{"key":"258374","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benavente, J., Del R\u00edo, L., Gracia, F.J., Mart\u00ednez-del-Pozo, J.A., 2006. Coastal flooding hazard related to storms and coastal evolution in Valdelagrana spit (Cadiz Bay Natural Park, SW Spain). Continental Shelf Research, 26(9), 1061-1076.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csr.2005.12.015"},{"key":"258375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Claudino-Sales, V., Wang, P., Horwitz, M.H., 2008. Factors controlling the survival of coastal dunes during multiple hurricane impacts in 2004 and 2005: Santa Rosa barrier island, Florida. Geomorphology, 95(3-4), 295-315.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2007.06.004"},{"key":"258376","unstructured":"Costa, C., 1994. Wind Wave Climatology of the Portuguese Coast. Lisbon (Portugal), Instituto Hidrogr\u00e1fico, Laborat\u00f3rio Nacional de Engenharia Civil, report PO-waves, final report of sub-project, 80pp."},{"key":"258377","unstructured":"Costa, M., Silva, R., Vitorino, J., 2001. Contribui\u00e7\u00e3o para o estudo do clima de agita\u00e7\u00e3o mar\u00edtima na costa portuguesa. Sines (Portugal), Proceedings of 2as Jornadas Portuguesas de Engenharia Costeira e Portu\u00e1ria, International Navigation Association, Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses, 20pp."},{"key":"258378","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidson-Arnott, R.G.D., Fisher, J.D., 1992. Spatial and temporal controls on overwash occurrence on a Great-Lakes barrier spit. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 29(1), 102-117.","DOI":"10.1139\/e92-011"},{"key":"258379","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doornkamp, J.C., 1998. Coastal flooding, global warming and environmental management. Journal of Environmental Management, 52(4), 327-333.","DOI":"10.1006\/jema.1998.0188"},{"key":"258380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira, \u00d3., Garcia, T., Matias, A., Taborda, R., Dias, J.A., 2006. An integrated method for the determination of set-back lines for coastal erosion hazards on sandy shores. Continental Shelf Research, 26(9), 1030-1044.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csr.2005.12.016"},{"key":"258381","unstructured":"Ferreira, \u00d3., Ciavola, P., Armaroli, C., Balouin, Y., Benavente, J., Del R\u00edo, L., Deserti, M., Esteves, L.S., Furmanczyk, K., Haerens, P., Matias, A., Perini, L., Taborda, R., Terefenko, P., Trifonova, E., Trouw, K., Valchev, N., Van Dongeren, A., Van Koningsveld, M., Williams, J.J., 2009. Coastal storm risk assessment in Europe: examples from 9 study sites. Journal of Coastal Research, 56 (Special Issue), 1632 - 1636."},{"key":"258382","unstructured":"Garcia, T., 2008. Overwash vulnerability assessment based in long-term washover evolution. Application to the Ria Formosa Barrier Islands System (Southern Portugal). Master Thesis. Faro, Universidade do Algarve, 71pp."},{"key":"258383","unstructured":"Hofstede, J.L.A., 1997. Process-response analysis for the North Frisian supratidal sands (Germany). Journal of Coastal Research, 13(1), 1-7."},{"key":"258384","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horn, D., Ling, L., 2006. Measurement and Modelling of Gravel Beach Groundwater Response to Wave Run-up: Effects on Beach Profile Changes. Journal of Coastal Research, 22(5), 1241-1249.","DOI":"10.2112\/06A-0006.1"},{"key":"258385","unstructured":"Instituto Hidrogr\u00e1fico, 1998. Tabela de Mar\u00e9s, Volume 1. Lisboa, Instituto Hidrogr\u00e1fico, 178pp."},{"key":"258386","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez, J.A., Ciavola, P., Balouin, Y., Armaroli, C., Bosom, E., Gervais, M., 2009. Geomorphic coastal vulnerability to storms in microtidal fetch-limited environments: application to NW Mediterranean & N Adriatic Seas. Journal of Coastal Research, 56 (Special Issue), 1641-1645."},{"key":"258387","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leatherman, S.P., 1979. Migration of Assateague Island, Maryland, by inlet and over-wash processes. Geology, 7(2), 104-107.","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(1979)7<104:MOAIMB>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"258388","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matias, A., Ferreira, \u00d3., Vila-Concejo, A., Garcia, T., Dias, J.A., 2008. Classification of washover dynamics in barrier islands. Geomorphology, 97(3-4), 655-674.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2007.09.010"},{"key":"258389","unstructured":"Matias, A., Ferreira, \u00d3., Vila-Concejo, A., Morris, B., Dias, J.A., 2009. Foreshore and hydrodynamic factors governing overwash. Journal of Coastal Research, 56 (Special Issue), 636-640."},{"key":"258390","unstructured":"Melo, J.S., 1989. Caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o Hidro-Oceanogr\u00e1fica da Ria Formosa. Anais do Instituto Hidrogr\u00e1fico, 10, 7-23."},{"key":"258391","unstructured":"Morton, R.A., Sallenger, A.H., 2003. Morphological impacts of extreme storms on sandy beaches and barriers. Journal of Coastal Research, 19(3), 560-573."},{"key":"258392","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliveira, S.C., Catal\u00e3o, J., Ferreira, \u00d3., Dias, J.M.A., 2008. Evaluation of cliff retreat and beach nourishment in southern Portugal using photogrammetric techniques. Journal of Coastal Research, 24(4C), 184-193.","DOI":"10.2112\/06-0781.1"},{"key":"258393","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pacheco, A., Vila-Concejo, A., Ferreira, \u00d3., Dias, J.A., 2007. Present Hydrodynamics of Anc\u00e3o Inlet, 10 Years after its Relocation. New Orleans (Louisiana, USA), Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Process, 1557-1570.","DOI":"10.1061\/40926(239)120"},{"key":"258394","unstructured":"Pessanha, L.E., Pires, H.O., 1981. Elementos sobre o clima de agita\u00e7\u00e3o mar\u00edtima na costa sul do Algarve. Lisbon, Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e Geof\u00edsica, 66pp."},{"key":"258395","unstructured":"Pires, H.O., 1998. Preliminary Report on the wave climate at Faro - Project INDIA. Instituto de Meteorologia - Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, unpublished, 37pp."},{"key":"258396","unstructured":"Puertos del Estado, 2009. Datos hist\u00f3ricos de nivel del mar. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Medio Rural y Marino, Madrid. Checked: 10 February 2009. Available at: http:\/\/www.puertos.es\/es\/oceanografia_y_meteorologia\/banco_de_datos"},{"key":"258397","unstructured":"Ramsar Convention, 2008. The List of Wetlands of International Importance. Checked: 12 February 2009. Available at http:\/\/www.ramsar.org\/sitelist.pdf"},{"key":"258398","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ritchie, W., Penland, S., 1988. Rapid dune changes associated with overwash processes on the deltaic coast of South Louisiana. Marine Geology, 81, 97-122.","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-3227(88)90020-5"},{"key":"258399","unstructured":"Sallenger, A.H., 2000. Storm impact scale for barrier islands. Journal of Coastal Research, 16(3), 890-895."},{"key":"258400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stockdon, H.F., Holman, R.A., Howd, P.A., Sallenger, A.H., 2006. Empirical parameterization of setup, swash, and runup. Coastal Engineering, 53(7), 573-588.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2005.12.005"},{"key":"258401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vila-Concejo, A., Matias, A., Pacheco, A., Ferreira, \u00d3., Dias, J.A., 2006. Quantification of inlet-related hazards in barrier island systems. An example from the Ria Formosa (Portugal). Continental Shelf Research, 26(9), 1045-1060.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csr.2005.12.014"}],"container-title":["Geologica Acta"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/revistes.ub.edu\/index.php\/GEOACTA\/article\/download\/105.000001743\/9355","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/revistes.ub.edu\/index.php\/GEOACTA\/article\/download\/105.000001743\/9355","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T09:30:57Z","timestamp":1770111057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/revistes.ub.edu\/index.php\/GEOACTA\/article\/view\/105.000001743"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1344\/105.000001743","relation":{},"ISSN":["1696-5728"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1696-5728","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]}}}