{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:02:54Z","timestamp":1777417374857,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,1]],"date-time":"2001-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":986083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the classification, pathophysiology, safety, and efficacy of treatment options for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Etanercept, the agent most recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in JRA, is featured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SOURCES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Articles were identified from a search of the MEDLINE database (1966 to January 2000) and through secondary sources. Meeting abstracts and posters were also evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Articles identified and retrieved from data sources were evaluated and, if determined to be relevant, were included in this review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SYNTHESIS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>JRA represents a major cause of functional disability in children. In contrast to traditional therapeutic agents for JRA, which act through generalized antiinflammatory activity or generalized immunosuppression, new therapeutic modalities have been developed that target specific molecules involved in the pathophysiology of JRA. Etanercept inhibits the activity of tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin-\u03b1. In a clinical trial of patients with polyarticular-course JRA, etanercept-treated patients experienced less pain and swelling in their joints, decreased incidence of disease activity, less frequent flare, and a longer time to flare than patients receiving placebo. Treatment with etanercept was generally well-tolerated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Etanercept represents an exciting new therapeutic option for the treatment of JRA. The positioning of etanercept among other therapeutic options for JRA will be more clearly established as additional safety and efficacy data are made available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.10123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,3]],"date-time":"2003-06-03T17:09:49Z","timestamp":1054660189000},"page":"464-471","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Etanercept in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Carrie J","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrie J Johnson PharmD, Manager, Professional Services, Immunex Corporation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M","family":"Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kathleen M Reilly PharmD, Education Coordinator, Shands Hospital, University of Florida; Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, University of Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim M","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kim M Murray PharmD, Senior Manager, Professional Services, Immunex Corporation; Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.10123","first-page":"1207","volume-title":"Textbook of rheumatology","author":"Cassidy JT","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.10123","first-page":"133","volume-title":"Textbook of pediatric rheumatology","author":"Cassidy JT","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)60640-X"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)40055-6"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.10123","first-page":"5.18.1","volume-title":"Rheumatology","author":"White PH","year":"1998","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr6-aph.10123","first-page":"441","volume":"5","author":"Butler DM","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur Cytokine Netw"},{"key":"bibr7-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90430-3"},{"key":"bibr8-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780391013"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380209"},{"key":"bibr10-aph.10123","first-page":"157","volume":"6","author":"Leak AM","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1967.03120120120029"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03390140075030"},{"key":"bibr13-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(85)80179-7"},{"key":"bibr14-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780271216"},{"key":"bibr15-aph.10123","first-page":"149","volume":"9","author":"Barron KS","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr16-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-0172(05)80025-3"},{"key":"bibr17-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199204163261602"},{"key":"bibr18-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330402"},{"key":"bibr19-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198605153142001"},{"key":"bibr20-aph.10123","first-page":"1604","volume":"19","author":"Wallace CA","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr21-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780361007"},{"key":"bibr22-aph.10123","first-page":"393","volume-title":"Primer on the rheumatic diseases","author":"Lovell DJ","year":"1997","edition":"11"},{"key":"bibr23-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199803)41:3<381::AID-ART2>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"bibr24-aph.10123","first-page":"S334","volume":"40","author":"Ravelli A","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"bibr25-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330112"},{"key":"bibr26-aph.10123","first-page":"1845","volume":"20","author":"Jundt JW","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr27-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199805)41:5<808::AID-ART6>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"bibr28-aph.10123","first-page":"2036","volume":"26","author":"Cron RQ","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr29-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01963559"},{"key":"bibr30-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199809000-00013"},{"key":"bibr31-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70320-9"},{"key":"bibr32-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/37.11.1240"},{"key":"bibr33-aph.10123","volume-title":"Enbrel (etanercept)","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr34-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.3.1548"},{"key":"bibr35-aph.10123","unstructured":"Barone D, Krantz C, Lambert D, Maggiora K, Mohler K. Comparative analysis of the ability of etanercept and infliximab to lyse TNF-expressing cells in a complement dependent fashion (abstract 116). Presented at the American College of Rheumatology 63rd Annual Scientific Meeting, Boston, November 14, 1999."},{"key":"bibr36-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199707173370301"},{"key":"bibr37-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901283400401"},{"key":"bibr38-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00004"},{"key":"bibr39-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003163421103"},{"key":"bibr40-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199707)40:7<1202::AID-ART3>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"bibr41-aph.10123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780371209"},{"key":"bibr42-aph.10123","unstructured":"Lovell DJ, Giannini EH, Lange M, Burge DJ, Finck BK. 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