{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:04:28Z","timestamp":1777417468595,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]],"date-time":"2001-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":993945600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>T o review the current options for prevention and treatment of veno-occlusive disease in bone marrow transplant patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SOURCES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Articles were selected from a MEDLINE search (1966\u2013October 1999) using the key terms veno-occlusive disease and bone marrow transplantation. In addition, references of all articles were examined for articles not found in the computer-based search.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA EXTRACTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All clinical trials, case\u2014control studies, and case reports were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, prostaglandin E1, ursodiol, and glutamine have been studied for prevention of veno-occlusive disease. Heparin has been studied most extensively; however, no preventive regimen has a defined role in therapy. For treatment, tissue plasminogen activator has been evaluated most thoroughly, yet its safety and efficacy have not been clearly established in patients with veno-occlusive disease. Other possible treatment options include antithrombin-III, defibrotide, glutamine plus vitamin E, and surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on the available data, the most promising agents are ursodiol for prevention and defibrotide or glutamine plus vitamin E for treatment of veno-occlusive disease. Further clinical trials are needed to establish the appropriate preventive and treatment options available for bone marrow transplant patients suffering from veno-occlusive disease. To date, such decisions depend largely on poorly designed trials, case reports, and clinical experience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.10220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,3]],"date-time":"2003-06-03T17:10:23Z","timestamp":1054660223000},"page":"935-942","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Prevention and Treatment of Veno-Occlusive Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Anita A","family":"Pegram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anita A Pegram PharmD, at time of writing, Pharmacy Practice Resident; now, Staff Pharmacist, Nephrology, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LeAnne D","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LeAnne D Kennedy PharmD, Hematology\/Oncology Clinical Coordinator, Department of Pharmacy, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical 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