{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:11:00Z","timestamp":1777417860174,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,1]],"date-time":"2002-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1012521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze the trough cyclosporine concentration\u2014dose ratio (CDR) and its relationship to some commonly available factors such as cyclosporine dosage, patient age, grade of obesity, posttransplant days, serum creatinine, serum bilirubin, and serum cholesterol by multiple linear regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was performed on 866 samples from 90 transplant recipients (25 kidney, 25 heart, 17 bone marrow, 13 liver, 10 simultaneous pancreas\u2014kidney).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results show differences between transplants both in cyclosporine CDR variability (expressed by the coefficients of variation) and in the capability of those factors to explain this variability (expressed by the coefficient of determination). Coefficients of variation were 41% for the 866 samples (from 34% in heart to 55% in pancreas\u2014kidney transplantation) and 28% for the 90 patients' CDR mean values (from 24% in heart to 32% in pancreas\u2014kidney transplantation). All factors, except for the grade of obesity, were related to the cyclosporine CDR for all transplants as a whole. However, differences in the influence of each factor on each transplant were observed. The coefficient of determination based on significant factors was R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.25 for all samples (from 0.18 in pancreas\u2014kidney to 0.52 in liver transplantation) and R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.53 for the patients' CDR means (from 0.39 in heart to 0.83 in kidney transplantation).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We have quantified the cyclosporine CDR, its variability, and its relationship with some commonly available factors and found significant differences between transplant types. The equations of regression obtained might improve trough cyclosporine CDR estimation as a first step in cyclosporine dosage adjustment in kidney and liver transplant recipients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.10380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,4]],"date-time":"2003-06-04T16:20:34Z","timestamp":1054743634000},"page":"193-199","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Factors Influencing Cyclosporine Blood Concentration\u2014Dose Ratio"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Mar","family":"Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1iz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mar Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1iz MD PhD, at time of writing, Clinical Pharmacologist, Clinical Pharmacology Service, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain; now, Consultant in Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology Service, Canary Islands University Hospital, Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"L\u00f3pez-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arturo L\u00f3pez-Gil MD, at time of writing, Clinical Pharmacologist, Clinical Pharmacology Service, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital; now, Executive Manager, Medical Department, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Itziar","family":"Alfonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Itziar Alfonso MD, at time of writing, Clinical Pharmacologist, Clinical Pharmacology Service, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital; now, Clinical Pharmacologist, Pharmacy Division, Health Department, Basque Government, Vitoria, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose N","family":"Boada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jose N Boada MD PhD, Professor and Chairman, Department of Pharmacology and Physical Medicine; Head, Clinical Pharmacology Service, Canary Islands University Hospital, University of La Laguna School of Medicine, Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan A","family":"Armijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Juan A Armijo MD PhD, Professor of Clinical Pharmacology; Head, Pharmacology Service, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital, University of Cantabria School of Medicine, Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr-bibr1-aph.10380","first-page":"315","volume-title":"Antiepileptic drugs: Quantitative analysis and interpretation","author":"Pippenger CE","year":"1978"},{"key":"bibr-bibr2-aph.10380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1979.tb05032.x"},{"key":"bibr-bibr3-aph.10380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-198303000-00006"},{"key":"bibr-bibr4-aph.10380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.2.185"},{"key":"bibr-bibr5-aph.10380","first-page":"83","volume":"6","author":"Armijo JA","year":"1989","journal-title":"Rev Farmacol Clin Exp"},{"key":"bibr-bibr6-aph.10380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.1992.tb01268.x"},{"key":"bibr-bibr7-aph.10380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-199710000-00001"},{"key":"bibr-bibr8-aph.10380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-199904000-00008"},{"key":"bibr-bibr9-aph.10380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-199103000-00001"},{"key":"bibr-bibr10-aph.10380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199202010-00016"},{"key":"bibr-bibr11-aph.10380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1993.132"},{"key":"bibr-bibr12-aph.10380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-199111000-00001"},{"key":"bibr-bibr13-aph.10380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199324060-00004"},{"key":"bibr-bibr14-aph.10380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199630020-00004"},{"key":"bibr-bibr15-aph.10380","first-page":"1","volume-title":"IX","author":"Bray GA","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr-bibr16-aph.10380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200038050-00004"},{"key":"bibr-bibr17-aph.10380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-199512000-00017"},{"key":"bibr-bibr18-aph.10380","first-page":"890","volume":"24","author":"Cantarovich D","year":"1992","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"bibr-bibr19-aph.10380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-0859-8_12"},{"key":"bibr-bibr20-aph.10380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01062550"},{"key":"bibr-bibr21-aph.10380","first-page":"2935","volume":"26","author":"Holt DW","year":"1994","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"bibr-bibr22-aph.10380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198604000-00009"},{"key":"bibr-bibr23-aph.10380","first-page":"1704","volume":"19","author":"Yee GC","year":"1987","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"bibr-bibr24-aph.10380","first-page":"2252","volume":"27","author":"Sabat\u00e9 I","year":"1995","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"bibr-bibr25-aph.10380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/36.8.1474"},{"key":"bibr-bibr26-aph.10380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1989.7"},{"key":"bibr-bibr27-aph.10380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V64.6.1277.1277"},{"key":"bibr-bibr28-aph.10380","first-page":"50","volume":"18","author":"Lithell H","year":"1986","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.10380","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.10380","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:05:57Z","timestamp":1777374357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1345\/aph.10380"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1345\/aph.10380"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1345\/aph.10380","relation":{},"ISSN":["1060-0280","1542-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1060-0280","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]}}}