{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:04:59Z","timestamp":1777417499573,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]],"date-time":"2001-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":993945600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report five cases of ingrown toenails (IGTN) associated with indinavir\/ritonavir (IDV\/RTV) combination therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CASE SUMMARY:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The median onset of IGTN from initiation of IDV\/RTV therapy was 18.4 weeks. Four patients previously received IDV, with one of these experiencing prior IGTN. All patients required surgical management of IGTN. All patients received virologic benefit from ongoing antiretroviral therapy, and the majority of patients elected to maintain IDV\/RTV combination therapy. Two patients experienced recurrent IGTN while receiving ongoing IDV\/RTV combination therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IGTN and paronychia have previously been reported with IDV and lamivudine. IGTN in patients with HIV infection is more likely to present acutely, involve more digits, and require surgical management. IDV increases retinoic acid signaling and, based on elevated IDV concentrations from concomitant RTV therapy, the risk of IGTN may be increased in patients receiving IDV\/RTV combination therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With the increasing popularity of IDV\/RTV combination therapy, clinicians should be aware of the potential increase in frequency of dose-related toxicities including IGTN. Evaluation of hands and feet on physical examination should be recommended for all patients being treated with lamivudine and IDV, especially when used in combination with RTV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.10386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,3]],"date-time":"2003-06-03T17:10:23Z","timestamp":1054660223000},"page":"881-884","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Recurrent Ingrown Toenails Secondary to Indinavir\/Ritonavir Combination Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Christopher W","family":"James","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Christopher W James PharmD, Clinical Pharmacist, HIV Community Program, Christiana Care Health Services, Wilmington, DE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly C","family":"McNelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kelly C McNelis PharmD, Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, HIV Community Program, Christiana Care Health Services"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David M Cohen MD, Infectious Disease Specialist, HIV Community Program, Christiana Care Health Services"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Szabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Susan Szabo MD, Medical Director, HIV Community Program Christiana Care Health Services"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arlene K","family":"Bincsik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arlene K Bincsik RNC, Program Director, HIV Community Program, Christiana Care Health Services"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.10386","volume-title":"Crixivan (indinavir)","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.10386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540260059037"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.10386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)79324-7"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.10386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70163-A"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.10386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1981.154"},{"key":"bibr6-aph.10386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(08)80256-3"},{"key":"bibr7-aph.10386","first-page":"292","volume":"10","author":"Calista D","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"bibr8-aph.10386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)03391-1"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.10386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(00)00246-X"},{"key":"bibr10-aph.10386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199806113382417"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.10386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199910220-00030"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.10386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2516.2000.00388.x"},{"key":"bibr13-aph.10386","first-page":"277","volume":"64","author":"Alam M","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"bibr14-aph.10386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/56.16.1674"},{"key":"bibr15-aph.10386","first-page":"296","volume":"10","author":"Cohen CJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS Reader"},{"key":"bibr16-aph.10386","first-page":"91","volume":"12","author":"Andrade A","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS Clin Care"},{"key":"bibr17-aph.10386","unstructured":"Saah A, Winchell G, Seniuk M, Mehrotra D, Deutsch P. Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and tolerability of indinavir and ritonavir in healthy volunteers (abstract 362). Presented at the 6th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Chicago, January 31-February 4, 1999."},{"key":"bibr18-aph.10386","unstructured":"Gatell JM, Lange J, Arnaiz JA, Faetkenheuer G, Mallolas J, Clotet B. A randomized study comparing continued indinavir (800 mg tid) vs. switching to indinavir\/ritonavir (800\/100 mg bid) in HIV patients having achieved viral load suppression with indinavir plus 2 nucleoside analogues (abstract WeOrB484). Presented at the XIII International AIDS Conference, Durban, South Africa, July 9\u201314, 2000."},{"key":"bibr19-aph.10386","unstructured":"McGarvey S, Chung WR, Li CP. An experience of a podiatry unit in the management of ingrown toenails for HIV\/AIDS patients on HAART in Hong Kong (abstract WePeB4262). Presented at the XIII International AIDS Conference, Durban, South Africa, July 9\u201314, 2000."}],"container-title":["Annals of Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.10386","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.10386","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:04:58Z","timestamp":1777374298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1345\/aph.10386"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7-8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1345\/aph.10386"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1345\/aph.10386","relation":{},"ISSN":["1060-0280","1542-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1060-0280","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]}}}