{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:21:02Z","timestamp":1777418462627,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,4,1]],"date-time":"1998-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":891388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the pathophysiology and treatment of HIV wasting syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MEDLINE searches (January 1987\u2013September 1997) of the English-language medical literature were conducted. Bibliographies were also selected during a manual review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SYNTHESIS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIV-related weight loss, often referred to as HIV wasting syndrome, is a common manifestation of advanced HIV infection. Wasting in HIV involves the preferential loss of lean body mass with a paradoxical preservation of body fat. The etiology of wasting appears to be the result of many factors, which may include decreased caloric intake, malabsorption, alterations in energy expenditure and metabolism, cytokine effects, and endocrine dysfunction. Pharmacologic treatment options include appetite stimulants (e.g., dronabinol, megestrol acetate), cytokine inhibitors (e.g., thalidomide, cyproheptadine, ketotifen, pentoxifylline, fish oil, N-acetylcysteine), and anabolic agents (e.g., testosterone, nandrolone, oxandrolone, recombinant human growth hormone).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Wasting associated with HIV has a high morbidity and mortality rate if not adequately managed. Therapeutic strategies include appetite stimulants, cytokine inhibitors, and growth-promoting agents. Selection of the appropriate agent(s) depends on the underlying cause for weight loss, adverse effects, and cost of therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJETIVO:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Revisar la patofisiolog\u00eda y tratamiento del s\u00edndrome de desgaste causado por el VIH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>FUENTES DE DATOS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Se llev\u00f3 a cabo una b\u00fasqueda de la literatura m\u00e9dica en el idioma ingl\u00e9s utilizando la base de datos del MEDLINE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>S\u00cdNTESIS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>La p\u00e9rdida de peso asociado al VIH, tambi\u00e9n conocido como el s\u00edndrome de desgaste, es una manifestaci\u00f3n com\u00fan de la infecci\u00f3n avanzada causada por el virus. El desgaste envuelve principalmente la p\u00e9rdida de masa magra, y parad\u00f3jicamente la preservaci\u00f3n de grasa corporal. La etiolog\u00eda del s\u00edndrome de desgaste aparenta ser el resultado de varios factores que pueden incluir la disminuci\u00f3n de ingesta cal\u00f3rica, malabsorci\u00f3n, alteraci\u00f3n en la utilizaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda, alteraci\u00f3n del metabolismo, efectos de las citoquinas, y disfunci\u00f3n endocrina. Las opciones para el tratamiento farmacol\u00f3gico incluyen estimuladores del apetito (dronabinol y acetato de megestrol), inhibidores de citoquinas (talidomida, ciproheptadina, ketotifen, pentoxyfilina, accite de pescado, y N-acetil ciste\u00edna), y agentes anab\u00f3licos (testosterona, nandrolona, oxandrolona, y la hormona de crecimiento).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>La etiolog\u00eda del desgaste asociado a la infecci\u00f3n con el VIH es multifactorial. La condici\u00f3n conlieva una alta morbilidad y mortalidad si no es manejada adecuadamente. Las estrateg\u00edas terap\u00e9uticas incluyen la estimulaci\u00f3n de apetito, inhibidores de citoquinas y agentes que promueven el crecimiento. La selecci\u00f3n de los agentes apropiados depender\u00e1 de la causa de la p\u00e9rdida de peso, los efectos adversos, y el costo de la terapia. Aunque se necesita estudiar la condici\u00f3n m\u00e1s a fondo, la terapia combinada puede ser que resulte ser la modalidad de mayor beneficio para el paciente con el s\u00edndrome de desgaste por el VIH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIF:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>R\u00e9viser la pathophysiologie et le traitement du syndrome d'\u00e9maciation associ\u00e9 au VIH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>REVUE DE LITT\u00c9RATURE ET S\u00c9LECTION DES \u00c9TUDES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Une recherche de la documentation m\u00e9dicale de langue anglaise a \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9e \u00e0 l'aide de MEDLINE. Des bibliographies ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 choisies gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une r\u00e9vision manuelle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>R\u00c9SUM\u00c9:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>La perte de poids associ\u00e9e au VIH, souvent appel\u00e9e le syndrome d'\u00e9maciation, est une manifestation fr\u00e9quente d'une infection avanc\u00e9e au VIH. l'\u00e9maciation chez les patients infect\u00e9s par le VIH entra\u00eene une perte pr\u00e9f\u00e9rentielle du tissu maigre et une conservation du tissu adipeux. l'\u00e9tiologie du syndrome semble \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat de plusieurs facteurs dont l'ingestion calorique, la malabsorption, les modifications au niveau de la d\u00e9pense \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et du m\u00e9tabolisme, les effets des cytokines, et les anormalit\u00e9s endocriniennes. Les options du traitement pharmacologique incluent les stimulants de l'app\u00e9tit (le dronabinol et l'ac\u00e9tate de m\u00e9gestrol), les inhibiteurs des cytokines (le thalidomide, la cyproheptadine, le k\u00e9totif\u00e8ne, la pentoxifylline, l'huile de poisson, et le N-ac\u00e9tylcyst\u00e9ine), et des agents anabolisants (la testost\u00e9rone, le nandrolone, l'oxandrolone, et l'hormone de croissance humaine recombin\u00e9e).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Le syndrome d'\u00e9maciation associ\u00e9 au VIH a un taux de morbidit\u00e9 et de mortalit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9 s'il n'est pas ad\u00e9quatement trait\u00e9. Les strat\u00e9gies th\u00e9rapeutiques incluent les stimulants de l'app\u00e9tit, les inhibiteurs des cytokines, et les agents stimulant la croissance. La s\u00e9lection du ou des agents appropri\u00e9s d\u00e9pendra de la cause sous-jacente de la perte de poids, des effets ind\u00e9sirables, et du co\u00fbt de la th\u00e9rapie.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.17072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,11]],"date-time":"2004-03-11T17:08:19Z","timestamp":1079024899000},"page":"446-458","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["HIV Wasting Syndrome: Treatment Update"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Denise L","family":"Balog","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Denise L Balog PharmD, at time of writing, Resident in Pharmacy Practice, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; now, Assistant Clinical Professor, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY, and Clinical Coordinator, Adult Internal Medicine, The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York, 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