{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:21:20Z","timestamp":1777418480044,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,1]],"date-time":"1998-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":893980800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the pathophysiology, epidemiology, treatment, and prophylaxis of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection in HIV-infected individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SOURCES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A MEDLINE (January 1966\u2013July 1997) and AIDSLINE (January 1980\u2013July 1997) search of basic science articles pertinent to the MAC infection in HIV-infected patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All articles were considered for possible inclusion in the review. Pertinent information, as judged by the authors, was selected for discussion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SYNTHESIS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The organism, epidemiology, and pathophysiology of disseminated MAC are discussed for background. A review of clinical trials for the treatment and prophylaxis of disseminated MAC are presented, along with unresolved issues concerning these topics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The incidence of disseminated MAC has increased dramatically with the AIDS epidemic. The infection can lead to increased morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. Treatment regimens for patients with a positive culture for MAC from a sterile site should include two or more drugs, including clarithromycin. Prophylaxis against disseminated MAC should be considered for patients with a CD4 cell count of less than 50\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.17275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,11]],"date-time":"2004-03-11T17:08:19Z","timestamp":1079024899000},"page":"564-573","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Treatment and Prophylaxis of Disseminated\n                    <i>Mycobacterium Avium<\/i>\n                    Complex in HIV-Infected Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Melissa A","family":"Faris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Melissa A Faris PharmD, Clinical Research Scientist, Respiratory Clinical Research, Glaxo Wellcome, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralph H","family":"Raasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ralph H Raasch PharmD BCPS, Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Infectious Diseases, and Associate Professor, Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roy L","family":"Hopfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roy L Hopfer PhD, Associate Director, Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, and Associate Professor, Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John D","family":"Butts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John D Butts PharmD BCPS, Clinical Assistant Professor, Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, and Assistant Director, Pharmacy, Patient Care Services, Department of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Hospitals and Clinics"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.17275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-7-199604010-00003"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.17275","first-page":"2250","volume-title":"Principles and practice of infectious diseases","author":"Havlir DV","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.17275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199105093241906"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.17275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/139.1.4"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.17275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/145.2_Pt_1.271"},{"key":"bibr6-aph.17275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)93093-7"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr7-aph.17275","first-page":"S2","volume":"32","author":"Young L","year":"1997","journal-title":"Formulary"},{"key":"bibr8-aph.17275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/17.1.7"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.17275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/165.6.1082"},{"key":"bibr10-aph.17275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/18.Supplement_3.S218"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.17275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.2.285"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.17275","first-page":"770","volume":"4","author":"Crowe SM","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr"},{"key":"bibr13-aph.17275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309163291202"},{"key":"bibr14-aph.17275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/18.Supplement_3.S218"},{"key":"bibr15-aph.17275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/144.3_Pt_1.557"},{"key":"bibr16-aph.17275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-12-199512150-00006"},{"key":"bibr17-aph.17275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/18.Supplement_3.S227"},{"key":"bibr18-aph.17275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00001"},{"key":"bibr19-aph.17275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.3.677"},{"key":"bibr20-aph.17275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309163291228"},{"key":"bibr21-aph.17275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-113-5-358"},{"key":"bibr22-aph.17275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-116-6-466"},{"key":"bibr23-aph.17275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91965-W"},{"key":"bibr24-aph.17275","unstructured":"Cohn DL, Franchino FE, Hodges J, Chesnut J, Child C, Gilbert C,  Comparison of two doses of clarithromycin in a randomized trial of four 3-drug regimens for treatment of disseminated\n                      Mycobacterium avium\n                      complex disease in AIDS: excess mortality associated with high-dose clarithromycin (abstract). 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