{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T10:21:19Z","timestamp":1782296479056,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,4,1]],"date-time":"1998-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":891388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n To compare the oral absorption profile of gabapentin following administration of the contents of opened capsules that were mixed with food vehicles of varied macronutrient (protein) composition.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n DESIGN:<\/jats:title>\n An unblinded, randomized, single-dose, four-way crossover pharmacokinetic study in nine healthy adult men and women volunteers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n \n Following an overnight fast, a single 600-mg dose of gabapentin (2 times 300-mg Neurontin capsules) was given either as an intact capsule swallowed with 120 mL of tap water (control, phase I), or after capsule contents were opened and mixed with; 4 oz. of applesauce (phase II), 120 mL of orange juice (phase III), or 4 oz. of fat-free chocolate pudding (phase IV). Subjects fasted for 4 hours following drug ingestion. Serial venous blood samples were obtained over 24 hours to determine gabapentin serum concentrations. Pharmacokinetic variables including AUC, maximum serum concentration (C\n max<\/jats:sub>\n ), and time to maximum serum concentration (t\n max<\/jats:sub>\n ) were calculated by using standard noncompartmental methods. Subjects served as their own controls, and were randomly crossed over following a minimum 7-day washout period. Statistical analysis was performed by using ANOVA and Student's t-test where appropriate.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n \n No statistically significant differences in any kinetic variable were found between any study arm. A trend was noted for a modest increase in both C\n max<\/jats:sub>\n and AUC in phase IV (chocolate pudding) compared with control (+18.6% and +13.2%, respectively). In a comparison of protein (phase IV) versus nonprotein phases (phases I\u2013III), gabapentin AUC was 26% greater (47.28 \u00b1 14.65 vs. 37.43 \u00b1 9.78 \u03bcg\/mL\u00b7h; p = 0.03), and C\n max<\/jats:sub>\n was 32% higher (4.72 \u00b1 1.04 vs. 3.56 \u00b1 0.92 \u03bcg\/mL; p = 0.003).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n Opening and mixing the contents of gabapentin capsules does not significantly impair drug absorption. This may be a viable administration option for patients who are unable to swallow intact capsules. Dietary macronutrient composition (i.e., protein) may favorably influence gabapentin oral absorption.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBJETIVO:<\/jats:title>\n Evaluar la absorci\u00f3n oral de gabapentin al mezclar el contenido de las c\u00e1psulas con varios macronutrientes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n DISE\u00d1O:<\/jats:title>\n Estudio farmacocin\u00e9tico abierto, randomizado de intercambio de cuatro ramas de tratamiento. Se realiz\u00f3 en nueve voluntarios sanos.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n M\u00c9TODOS:<\/jats:title>\n \n Despu\u00e9s de ayunar, los sujetos recibieron una dosis de 600 mg de gabapentin (dos c\u00e1psulas de Neurontin de 300 mg). Cada sujeto particip\u00f3 en cuatro ramas o fases del estudio siguiendo un orden aleatorio. Esperaron por lo menos 7 d\u00edas entre cada fase. En la fase 1, o control, tomaron la dosis de c\u00e1psulas enteras de gabapenton con 120 mL de agua de chorro. En las otras tres fases, se mezcl\u00f3 el contenido de las c\u00e1psulas con: 4 onzas de salsa de manzana (fase II), 120 mL de jugo de naranja (fase III), o 4 onzas de pud\u00edn de chocolate sin grasas (fase IV). Los sujetos se quedaron en ayunas por cuatro horas despu\u00e9s de ingerir gabapentin. Para determinar concentraciones s\u00e9ricas de gabapentin se obtuvieron muestras sangu\u00edneas seriales durante un per\u00edodo de 24 horas. Usando m\u00e9todos estandard noncompartamentales se calcularon las siguientes variables farmacocin\u00e9ticas: AUC, C\n max<\/jats:sub>\n , y t\n max<\/jats:sub>\n . Se utilizaron ANOVA y Student's t-test para realizar los an\u00e1lisis estad\u00edsticos.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTADOS:<\/jats:title>\n \n No se encontr\u00f3 ninguna diferencia estad\u00edstica significante entre las variables farmaconcin\u00e9ticas en ninguna de las ramas del estudio. Sin embargo, en comparaci\u00f3n con el control fase I, se not\u00f3 una tendencia hacia un aumento modesto en la C\n max<\/jats:sub>\n y el AUC en la fase IV (pud\u00edn de chocolate [+18.6% y +13.2%, respectivamente]). El AUC fue 26% mayor (47.28 \u00b1 14.65 vs. 37.43 \u00b1 9.78 \u03bcg\/mL\/h; p = 0.03) y la C\n max<\/jats:sub>\n 32% mayor (4.72 \u00b1 1.04 vs. 3.56 \u00b1 0.92 \u03bcg\/mL; p = 0.003) al comparar los resultados de fase IV (prote\u00ednica) con las fases I\u2014III (sin prote\u00ednas).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONES:<\/jats:title>\n Los datos sugieren la absorci\u00f3n de gabapentin no se altera cuando se mezcla el contenido de las c\u00e1psulas con varios nutrientes. Esta ruta de administraci\u00f3n es un m\u00e9todo alternativo para pacientes que no pueden tragar las c\u00e1psulas enteras. Los datos tambi\u00e9n sugieren que la composici\u00f3n de los macronutrientes (prote\u00edna en particular) puede influir de manera positiva la absorci\u00f3n oral de gabapentin.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBJECTIF:<\/jats:title>\n Compare le profil d'absorption orale du gabapentin suite \u00e0 l'administration de capsules m\u00e9lang\u00e9es \u00e0 de la nourriture de composition prot\u00ednique diff\u00e9rente.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n DEVIS EXP\u00c9RIMENTAL:<\/jats:title>\n \u00c9tude randomis\u00e9e, ouverte \u00e0 dose unique en chass\u00e9crois\u00e9 chez neur volontaires sains adultes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n M\u00c9THODOES:<\/jats:title>\n \n Apr\u00e8s un je\u00fbne nocturne, une dose unique de 600 mg de gabapentin (deux capsules de 300 mg) fut administr\u00e9e sous diff\u00e9rentes conditions: enti\u00e8tres avec un verre d'eau (phase I, groupe contr\u00f4le) ou encore m\u00e9lang\u00e9es avec soit 4 onces de pur\u00e9e de pommes (phase II), soit 120 mL de jus d'oranges (phase III), ou soit 4 onces de pouding au chocolat sans gras (phase IV). Les volontaires sont demeur\u00e9s \u00e0 jeun jusqu'\u00e0 4 heures apr\u00e8s la dose orale. Des \u00e9chantillons sanguins furent pr\u00e9lev\u00e9s sur 24 heures en vue de d\u00e9terminer les concentrations s\u00e9riques du gabapentin. Les param\u00e8tres cin\u00e9tiques tels l'aire sous la courbe, le C\n max<\/jats:sub>\n et le t\n max<\/jats:sub>\n furent calcul\u00e9s par la m\u00e9thode non compartimentale. Les volontaires furent assign\u00e9s \u00e0 une s\u00e9quence des phases au hasard et une p\u00e9riode de 7 jours les s\u00e9parait. L'analyse statistique fut effectu\u00e9e via le t-test de Student et l'analyse de variance, selon le cas.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n R\u00c9SULTATS:<\/jats:title>\n \n Aucune diff\u00e9rence significative des param\u00e8tres cin\u00e9tiques ne fut observ\u00e9e. Cependant, une tendance fut not\u00e9e entre l'\u00e9l\u00e9vation mod\u00e9r\u00e9e du C\n max<\/jats:sub>\n et l'aire sous la courbe en phase IV et celle observ\u00e9e en phase I (+18.6% vs. +13.2%). Lorsqu'on compare la phase prot\u00e9inique (phase IV) et celles non prot\u00e9iniques (I\u2013III), l'aire sous la courbe du gabapentin est 26% plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e (47.28 \u00b1 14.65 vs. 37.43 \u00b1 9.78 \u03bcg\/mL\u00b7 h; p = 0.03) et le C\n max<\/jats:sub>\n est 32% plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 (4.72 \u00b1 1.04 vs. 3.56 \u00b1 0.92 \u03bcg\/mL; p = 0.003).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n Nos donn\u00e9es sugg\u00e8rent que m\u00e9langer le contenu de la capsule de gabapentin \u00e0 de la nourriture n'en alt\u00e8re aucunement l'absorption. Cette possibilit\u00e9 s'av\u00e8re une option pratique pour les patients qui sont incapables d'avaler les capsules intactes. Par contre, la composition de la di\u00e8te, en particulier les prot\u00e9ines, semble augmenter favorablement l'absorption orale du gabapentin.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.17281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,11]],"date-time":"2004-03-11T17:08:19Z","timestamp":1079024899000},"page":"405-409","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Gabapentin Absorption: Effect of Mixing with Foods of Varying Macronutrient Composition"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Barry E","family":"Gidal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Barry E Gidal PharmD, Associate Professor, School of Pharmacy and Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa M","family":"Maly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melissa M Maly RN, Epilepsy Case Manager, Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, University of Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathon W","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jonathon W Kowalski PharmD, Research Fellow, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A","family":"Rutecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul A Rutecki MD, Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E","family":"Pitterle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael E Pitterle MS, Associate Professor, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna E","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donna E Cook PharmD, at time of writing, Ambulatory Care Resident, William S Middleton Veterans Affairs Hospital, Madison, WI; now, Assistant Professor of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,4,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"bibr1-aph.17281","first-page":"17","volume":"44","author":"McLean MJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.17281","first-page":"613","volume":"31","author":"Bockbrader HN","year":"1995","journal-title":"Drugs Today"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.17281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-1211(95)00051-8"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.17281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(96)70336-0"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.17281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-199506000-00007"},{"key":"bibr6-aph.17281","first-page":"S345","volume":"10","author":"Busch JA","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"bibr7-aph.17281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1997.tb01204.x"},{"key":"bibr8-aph.17281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018951214146"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.17281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/js9603360"},{"key":"bibr10-aph.17281","first-page":"R458","volume":"263","author":"Stevens BR","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.17281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-1161-2_10"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.17281","volume-title":"Pennington JAT, ed","year":"1994","edition":"16"},{"key":"bibr13-aph.17281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107335"},{"key":"bibr14-aph.17281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016220428705"},{"key":"bibr15-aph.17281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-198409050-00002"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.17281","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.17281","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:07:12Z","timestamp":1777374432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1345\/aph.17281"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1345\/aph.17281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1345\/aph.17281","relation":{},"ISSN":["1060-0280","1542-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1060-0280","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]}}}