{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:21:12Z","timestamp":1777418472437,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,1]],"date-time":"1998-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":896659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compile and evaluate all available data suggesting an association between selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) administration and the occurrence of movement disorders, and to characterize these reactions in terms of onset, duration, treatment and outcome, and potential predisposing factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODOLOGY:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reports of movement disorders were identified by conducting a comprehensive literature search that included tertiary adverse drug reaction resources, MEDLINE, EmBASE, Biological Abstracts, Current Contents, Reactions, ClinAlert, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts. In addition, reports were solicited from the Canadian proprietary manufacturers of SSRIs, and from the Therapeutic Products Program of Health Canada. Each case was then classified according to the description of the movement disorder, based on predefined diagnostic criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 127 published reports of SSRI-induced movement disorders were identified involving akathisia (n = 30), dystonia (19), dyskinesia (12), tardive dyskinesia (6), parkinsonism (25), and 15 cases of mixed disorders. Ten isolated cases of bruxism were identified. Ten additional reports could not be classified. Manufacturers of SSRIs provided 49 reports of akathisia, 44 of dystonia, 208 of dyskinesia, 76 of tardive dyskinesia, 516 of parkinsonism, and 60 of bruxism. Treatment strategies included discontinuation of the SSRI; dosage reduction; or the addition of a benzodiazepine, \u03b2-blocker, or anticholinergic agent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SSRI use appears to be associated with the development of movement disorders, as either a direct result of the drug or exacerbation of an underlying condition. Predisposing factors may include the use of neuroleptics, existing neurologic diagnoses, or preexisting movement disorders. Clinicians should be cognizant of the potential for these reactions, as prompt recognition and management is essential in preventing potentially significant patient morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.17302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,11]],"date-time":"2004-03-11T17:08:19Z","timestamp":1079024899000},"page":"692-698","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":197,"title":["Selective Serotonin-Reuptake Inhibitor\u2013Induced Movement Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Patricia E","family":"Gerber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Patricia E Gerber PharmD, at time of writing, PharmD Student, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; now, Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Department of Pharmacy, British Columbia's Children's Hospital, and Clinical Assistant Professor, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry D","family":"Lynd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Larry D Lynd BSP Program Coordinator, British Columbia Regional Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Program, British Columbia Drug and Poison Information Centre, Vancouver"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.17302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089198879500800406"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.17302","first-page":"123","volume":"3","author":"Por CP","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.17302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.470100308"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.17302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809502901215"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.17302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199100610-00007"},{"key":"bibr6-aph.17302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199306000-00013"},{"key":"bibr7-aph.17302","first-page":"339","volume":"50","author":"Lipinski JF","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr8-aph.17302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.4.620b"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.17302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v57n1002"},{"key":"bibr10-aph.17302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.146.3.399b"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.17302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199506000-00008"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.17302","first-page":"491","volume":"52","author":"Rothschild AJ","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr13-aph.17302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(94)00158-Y"},{"key":"bibr14-aph.17302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199608000-00013"},{"key":"bibr15-aph.17302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.167.5.698b"},{"key":"bibr16-aph.17302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(96)71586-4"},{"key":"bibr17-aph.17302","first-page":"853","volume":"46","author":"Marchioni E","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am Acad Neurol"},{"key":"bibr18-aph.17302","unstructured":"Data on file. 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