{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T10:31:43Z","timestamp":1778495503738,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,4,1]],"date-time":"1998-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":891388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the rationale for requiring prescriptions to control vaccine access, in contrast to other medications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SOURCES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Literature on immunization delivery and health-service barriers was reviewed via MEDLINE search and relevant textbooks. Additional literature was obtained from reference lists of pertinent articles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SYNTHESIS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Society controls access to medications to protect consumers. Many medications have changed from prescription-only to over-the-counter (OTC) status. No parenteral drug has been switched, although insulin has long had OTC status. Limiting access to vaccines has advantages in record-keeping, storage, injection quality, and response to anaphylactic reactions. These advantages are outweighed by 600 000 people who will die over the next decade for lack of pneumococcal and influenza immunizations. Physicians see most of those who die of these diseases, but many neglect to vaccinate them. Three options are offered to expand access to these vaccines. The most feasible one involves expanding prescribing authority for pneumococcal and influenza vaccines to all licensed healthcare professionals and paraprofessionals with physiologic and pharmacologic expertise to responsibly vaccinate. Community pharmacies offer advantages as immunization delivery sites, in terms of proximity, hours of operation, and knowledge of people at highest risk. Expanded professional training can ensure high levels of public safeguards while expanding immunization delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Society decides the controls needed to protect the health of the people. If society restricts vaccine access too severely, people die needlessly. Increasing prescribing authority for pneumococcal and influenza vaccines to more health professionals will save many lives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJETIVO:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Discutir argumentos a favor y en contra de requerir una receta como m\u00e9todo de control de acceso a las vacunas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>FUENTES DE INFORMACI\u00d3N:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Se realiz\u00f3 una b\u00fasqueda bibliogr\u00e1fica en MEDLINE y se revisaron libros de texto para obtener literatura relacionada a la inmunizaci\u00f3n y las barreras para obtener servicios de salud. Se obtuvo literatura adicional de las listas de referencias de manuscritos relacionados al tema.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>S\u00cdNTESIS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>La sociedad controla el acceso a medicamentos con el prop\u00f3sito de proteger a los consumidores. Muchos medicamentos que anteriormente s\u00f3lo se pod\u00edan obtener con receta m\u00e9dica shora se pueden obtener sin receta. Ning\u00fan medicamento que se administra por la v\u00eda parenteral se puede obtener sin receta con excepci\u00f3n de la insulina. Limitar el acceso a las vacunas tiene como ventajas un mayor control sobre el mantenimiento de expedientes, el almacenaje, la calidad del producto, y la respuesta a reacciones anafil\u00e1cticas. Por otro lado, 600 000 personas morir\u00e1n en la pr\u00f3xima d\u00e9cada por no haber recibido inmunizaci\u00f3n contra neumococos y la influenza. Los proveedores de servicios de salud ven a muchos de los pacientes que mueren como consecuencia de estas enfermedades, pero muchos se niegan a vacunarlos. Se ofrecen tres opciones para expandir el acceso a estas vacunas: (1) otorgar autoridad de prescribir las vacunas a otros profesionales de la salud, (2) autorizar la venta de vacunas sin receta pero \u00fanicamente si son dispensadas y administradas por un farmac\u00e9utico con adiestramiento, y (3) autorizar la venta de las vacunas sin receta y confiar que el mercado limite su distribuci\u00f3n \u00fanicamente en farmacias, tal como ocurre con insulina. La opci\u00f3n m\u00e1s viable tiene que ver con otorgar autoridad de prescribir vacunas contra neumococos e influenza a todos los profesionales y para-profesionales de la salud con conocimiento fisiol\u00f3gico y farmacol\u00f3gico suficiente para responsablemente vacunar. Las farmacias de comunidad ofrecen ventajas como lugares donde se podr\u00eda vacunar a las personas en t\u00e9rminos de proximidad, horario de operaci\u00f3n, y conocimiento de las personas en alto riesgo. Para salvaguardar la seguridad p\u00fablica ante la expansi\u00f3n en los servicios de inmunizaci\u00f3n es necesario asegurar que los ofrecimientos de adiestramiento profesional ser\u00e1n ampliados.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>La sociedad decide los controles necesarios para proteger la salud de las personas. Si la sociedad limita el acceso a las vacunas, algunas personas morir\u00e1n innecesariamente. El aumentar la autoridad para prescribir vacunas contra neumococos y la influenza a un mayor n\u00famero de profesionales de la salud salvar\u00e1 muchas vidas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIF:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Examiner la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d'obtenir les prescriptions afin de contr\u00f4ler l'acc\u00e8s aux vaccins contrairement \u00e0 d'autres m\u00e9dicaments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>REVUE DE LITT\u00c9RATURE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>La documentation scientifique concernant la distribution des vaccins et les normes du r\u00e9seau de la sant\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 revis\u00e9es \u00e0 l'aide d'une recherche informatis\u00e9e MEDLINE et de livres de r\u00e9f\u00e9rences sur le sujet. De la documentation additionnelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 obtenue des bibliographies provenants de manuscrits pertinents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>R\u00c9SUM\u00c9:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 contr\u00f4le l'acc\u00e8s aux m\u00e9dicaments dans le but de prot\u00e8ger le public. Plusieurs m\u00e9dicaments sont pass\u00e9s du statut de m\u00e9dicaments prescrits \u00e0 celui de m\u00e9dicaments de vente libre (MVL). Aucun produit parent\u00e9rale n'a chang\u00e9 de statut, quoique l'insuline a depuis longtemps un statut de MVL. L'acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux vaccins facilite la tenue de livres, les conditions d'entreposage, la qualit\u00e9 de l'injection et la r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 des r\u00e9actions anaphylactiques. Ces avantages s'opposent cependant au fait que 600 000 individus mourront dans la prochaine d\u00e9cennie par manque d'immunisation contre le pneumocoque ou l'influenza. Les m\u00e9decins voient la majorit\u00e9 de ces patients qui d\u00e9c\u00e9deront suite \u00e0 ces troubles, mais plusieurs n\u00e9gligent de les vacciner. Trois options sont offertes pour accro\u00eetre l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 ces vaccins. L'option la plus praticable implique d'\u00e9largir l'autorit\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re de prescriptions pour les vaccins contre le pneumocoque et l'influenza \u00e0 tous les professionnels et paraprofessionnels licenci\u00e9s de la sant\u00e9 avec exp\u00e9rience physiologique et pharmacologique afin de vacciner de fa\u00e7on responsable. Les pharmacies communautaires offrent des avantages comme sites de distribution des vaccins en terme de proximit\u00e9, heures d'ouverture et connaissance des patients \u00e0 risques plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s. Une formation plus \u00e9tendue des professionnels peut assurer une protection accrue du public tout en \u00e9largissant la distribution des vaccins.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9cide des contr\u00f4les n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la protection de la sant\u00e9 du public. Si la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 restreint l'acc\u00e8s aux vaccins trop s\u00e9v\u00e8rement, des gens d\u00e9c\u00e8dent inutilement. Accro\u00eetre l'autorit\u00e9 de prescrire les vaccins contre le pneumocoque et l'influenza \u00e0 plus de professionnels de la sant\u00e9 pourrait sauver des vies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.17313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,11]],"date-time":"2004-03-11T17:08:19Z","timestamp":1079024899000},"page":"495-500","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Should Vaccines Require a Prescription?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"John D","family":"Grabenstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lt Col John D Grabenstein EdM MSPharm FASHP, Pharmacoepidemiologist, US Army Medical Department, c\/o School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, FAX 919\/966-8486"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.17313","first-page":"55","volume":"36","author":"Swann JP","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pharm Hist"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.17313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.1.109"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.17313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.1.18"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.17313","unstructured":"21 US Code 321, 352\u2013353."},{"key":"bibr5-aph.17313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6296(83)80001-0"},{"key":"bibr6-aph.17313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028089023007-820"},{"key":"bibr7-aph.17313","volume-title":"Physicians' desk reference","author":"Huff BB","year":"1978","edition":"32"},{"key":"bibr8-aph.17313","volume-title":"Handbook of nonprescription drugs","year":"1996","edition":"11"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.17313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/139.2.250"},{"key":"bibr10-aph.17313","first-page":"3","volume":"28","author":"Swann JP","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pharm Hist"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.17313","first-page":"65","volume":"28","author":"Swann JP","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pharm Hist"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.17313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-3450(15)30026-X"},{"key":"bibr13-aph.17313","unstructured":"Summary of pharmacy law: 1993\u201394. 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