{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T22:50:28Z","timestamp":1777416628110,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,1]],"date-time":"1999-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":936144000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the literature examining the use of methylxanthines in the treatment of anaphylaxis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SOURCES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A MEDLINE search (January 1966\u2013December 1998) was performed using the terms aminophylline, theophylline, and anaphylaxis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Articles discussing methylxanthine use in anaphylaxis were independently examined by each author. Additional information was obtained through the references of these articles. Articles not written in English were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SYNTHESIS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No human studies were identified. Limited published data were found in animal models of anaphylaxis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Safer agents with proven efficacy exist for the treatment of bronchoconstriction in anaphylaxis. Until data are available in humans, methylxanthines should not be recommended in the treatment of anaphylactic reactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.19007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,11]],"date-time":"2004-03-11T17:08:19Z","timestamp":1079024899000},"page":"1001-1004","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Methylxanthine Use in Anaphylaxis: What Does the Evidence Tell Us?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Michael E","family":"Ernst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael E Ernst PharmD BCPS, Assistant Professor (Clinical), Division of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark A","family":"Graber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mark A Graber MD, Attending Faculty in Emergency Medicine, and Associate Professor of Clinical Family 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