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Several new agents have entered the clinical arena, and many more are in the late stages of investigation leading to approval. Sulfonylureas stimulate the production and release of insulin; these drugs must be used in patients with an intact pancreas. The meglitinides are nonsulfonylurea agents that are also insulin secretagogues. Unlike the sulfonylureas, repaglinide appears to require the presence of glucose to close the adenosine triphosphate\u2013sensitive potassium channels and induce calcium influx. Metformin reduces hepatic glucose production in some patients and increases peripheral glucose utilization, but its use is hampered by a high percentage of adverse reactions. Disaccharidase inhibitors effectively compensate for the defective early-phase insulin release by slowing the production of sugars from carbohydrates. Thiazolidinediones appear to activate peroxisome proliferator\u2013activated receptor gamma, which is involved in the metabolism of lipids. Short-acting insulin and the role of weight-loss agents are also discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The availability of new options for diabetes therapy provides a chance for successful therapy in a larger number of patients. However, it is important to consider how much true benefit these new forms of treatment will have on the diabetic community. The best choice for a patient remains controversial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.19171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,3]],"date-time":"2003-06-03T16:38:38Z","timestamp":1054658318000},"page":"878-895","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Pharmacotherapy of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Marc S","family":"Rendell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marc S Rendell MD, Professor of Medicine, Creighton Diabetes Center, Creighton University, Omaha, NE; Medical Director, Rose Salter Medical Research Foundation, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William R","family":"Kirchain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William R Kirchain PharmD CDE, Associate Professor of Clinical Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 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