{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:25:56Z","timestamp":1791192356480,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,1]],"date-time":"2000-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":967766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the currently available information on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosage guidelines of voriconazole. Comparative data for voriconazole and other azole antifungal agents are described where available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SOURCES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A MEDLINE search restricted to English-language articles (1966 to September 1999) was conducted, and an extensive review of journals and meeting abstracts was performed. MeSH headings included itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, UK-109,496, and amphotericin B.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA EXTRACTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The data on pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, and drug interactions were obtained from open-label and controlled studies and case reports. Controlled studies and case reports were evaluated to demonstrate the efficacy of voriconazole in treatment of various fungal infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SYNTHESIS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Voriconazole is a derivative of fluconazole that demonstrates enhanced in vitro activity against existent and emerging fungal pathogens. Limited data have revealed a favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profile for the agent. Moreover, select clinical trials and case studies of voriconazole suggest good in vivo efficacy against several fungal pathogens including Candida, Aspergillus, and Scedosporium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Voriconazole has shown promise in the treatment of superficial and systemic mycoses. While several unresolved issues remain, voriconazole may be a viable therapeutic alternative for fluconazole-resistant mucocutaneous candidiasis and in cases of mild to moderate systemic mycoses requiring chronic treatment or that are refractory to currently available agents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.19237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,3]],"date-time":"2003-06-03T16:38:27Z","timestamp":1054658307000},"page":"1032-1043","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Voriconazole: A New Triazole Antifungal"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Janelle A","family":"Sabo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Janelle A Sabo PharmD, Visiting Scientist, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M","family":"Abdel-Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Susan M Abdel-Rahman PharmD, Assistant Professor of Pharmacy and Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City and the Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(08)81495-8"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(90)70286-Q"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.19237","first-page":"309","volume":"9","author":"Fromtling R","year":"1996","journal-title":"Drug News Perspect"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(98)70046-0"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(98)90323-1"},{"key":"bibr6-aph.19237","first-page":"493","volume":"160","author":"Yamamura D","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"bibr7-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199753040-00001"},{"key":"bibr8-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199324010-00002"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199325040-00006"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr10-aph.19237","first-page":"58","volume":"25","author":"Graybill J","year":"1998","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.19237","first-page":"170","volume":"10","author":"Fromtling R","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drug News Perspect"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.19237","unstructured":"Richardson K, Bell A, Dickinson R, Naryanaswami S, Ray S. UK-109, 496, a novel, wide-spectrum triazole derivative for the treatment of fungal infections: synthesis and SAR (abstract F69). Presented at the 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Francisco, CA, September 17\u201420, 1995."},{"key":"bibr13-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.11.2492"},{"key":"bibr14-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.8.1832"},{"key":"bibr15-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.8.1948"},{"key":"bibr16-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.8.1840"},{"key":"bibr17-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.1.161"},{"key":"bibr18-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(98)00005-4"},{"key":"bibr19-aph.19237","first-page":"573","volume":"17","author":"Clancy C","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"bibr20-aph.19237","unstructured":"Barchiesi F, Restrepo M, McGough D, Rinaldi M. In vitro activity of a new antifungal triazole UK-109,496 (abstract F71). Presented at the 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Francisco, CA, September 17\u201320, 1995."},{"key":"bibr21-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.11.3018"},{"key":"bibr22-aph.19237","unstructured":"Lozano-Chiu M, Nelson P, Paetznick V, Rex J. Activity of voriconazole (VORI) vs. Candida: effects of incubation time, Candida species, and fluconazole (FLU) susceptibility (abstract E-87). Presented at the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, September 28\u2013October 1, 1997."},{"key":"bibr23-aph.19237","unstructured":"Clancy C, Yu C, Nguyen M. In vitro activity of voriconazole against yeasts and comparison with fluconazole (abstract E88). Presented at the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, September 28\u2013October 1, 1997."},{"key":"bibr24-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.5.1436-1438.1998"},{"key":"bibr25-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/24.2.235"},{"key":"bibr26-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.5.1606-1609.1999"},{"key":"bibr27-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1993.tb02844.x"},{"key":"bibr28-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1993.tb02833.x"},{"key":"bibr29-aph.19237","volume-title":"Reference method for broth dilution of antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts: approved standard","author":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr30-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199120040-00004"},{"key":"bibr31-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199733010-00005"},{"key":"bibr32-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199835060-00004"},{"key":"bibr33-aph.19237","unstructured":"Patterson R, Coates P. UK-109,496, a novel, wide-spectrum triazole derivative for the treatment of fungal infections: pharmacokinetics in man (abstract F78). Presented at the 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Francisco, CA, September 17\u201320, 1995."},{"key":"bibr34-aph.19237","first-page":"2227","volume":"12","author":"Hegener P","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"bibr35-aph.19237","unstructured":"Patterson B, Roffey S, Jezequel S, Jones B. UK-109,496, a novel, wide-spectrum triazole derivative for the treatment of fungal infections: disposition in man (abstract F79). Presented at the 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Francisco, CA, September 17\u201420, 1995."},{"key":"bibr36-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1990.tb02561.x"},{"key":"bibr37-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198937030-00003"},{"key":"bibr38-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/24.3.275"},{"key":"bibr39-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00558308"},{"key":"bibr40-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1998.tb03856.x"},{"key":"bibr41-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.9.1310"},{"key":"bibr42-aph.19237","first-page":"53","volume":"44","author":"Shibutani J","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"bibr43-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.6.1392"},{"key":"bibr44-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.5.1105"},{"key":"bibr45-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Jones RN, Doern GV. In vitro susceptibility of Candida blood stream isolates to the new triazole antifungal agents: BMS-207147, SCH 56592, and voriconazole. Presented at the 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Diego, CA, September 24\u201327, 1998.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.12.3242"},{"key":"bibr46-aph.19237","unstructured":"Chin N, Weitzman I, Della-Latta P. In vitro antifungal activity of voriconazole alone and in combination with flucytosine against Candida species and other pathogenic fungi (abstract E84). Presented at the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, September 28\u2013October 1, 1997."},{"key":"bibr47-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marco F, Pfaller M, Messer S, Jones R. In vitro activities of voriconazole (UK-109,496) and four other antifungal agents against 400 clinical isolates of\n                      Candida\n                      spp (abstract E82). Presented at the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, September 28\u2013October 1, 1997.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.1.161"},{"key":"bibr48-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.36.10.2239"},{"key":"bibr49-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1988.tb04433.x"},{"key":"bibr50-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02013902"},{"key":"bibr51-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.1998.10.1.7"},{"key":"bibr52-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513857"},{"key":"bibr53-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199754050-00004"},{"key":"bibr54-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V92.12.4491"},{"key":"bibr55-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.4.907"},{"key":"bibr56-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/42.4.531"},{"key":"bibr57-aph.19237","unstructured":"Nunez M, Halsey T, Rye A, Washburn R. Voriconazole protects A549 pneumocytes from invasion by\n                      Aspergillus fumigatus\n                      (abstract 351). Presented at the 36th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Disease Society of America, Denver, CO, November 11\u201314, 1998."},{"key":"bibr58-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.9.2299"},{"key":"bibr59-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.1.198-202.1998"},{"key":"bibr60-aph.19237","unstructured":"Clancy C, Yu Y, Nguyen M. Comparison of in vitro activity of voriconazole and amphotericin B against filamentous fungi (abstract E89). Presented at the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, September 28 \u2013October 1, 1997."},{"key":"bibr61-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.4.841"},{"key":"bibr62-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02681219880000341"},{"key":"bibr63-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.2.471"},{"key":"bibr64-aph.19237","unstructured":"Espinel-Ingroff A. Evaluation of the in vitro activity of the new triazole voriconazole against opportunistic filamentous fungi (abstract F84). Presented at the 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, New Orleans, LA, September 15\u201318, 1996."},{"key":"bibr65-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1358\/dof.1996.021.03.343618"},{"key":"bibr66-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1997.972911.x"},{"key":"bibr67-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515015"},{"key":"bibr68-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.5.9709068"},{"key":"bibr69-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(97)80007-5"},{"key":"bibr70-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540250013006"},{"key":"bibr71-aph.19237","unstructured":"Troke P, Brammer K, Hitchcock C, Yonren S, Sarantis N. UK-109,496, a novel, wide-spectrum triazole derivative for the treatment of fungal infections: activity in systemic candidiasis models and early clinical efficacy in oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) (abstract F73). Presented at the 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Francisco, CA, September 17\u201320, 1995."},{"key":"bibr72-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/147.6.1060"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr73-aph.19237","first-page":"S364","volume":"12","author":"Hay R","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"bibr74-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)00307-0"},{"key":"bibr75-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02681218880000081"},{"key":"bibr76-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100140009"},{"key":"bibr77-aph.19237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.Supplement_2.S166"},{"key":"bibr78-aph.19237","unstructured":"Dupont B, Denning D, Lode H, Yonren S, Troke P, Sarantis N. 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UK-109,496, a novel, wide-spectrum triazole derivative for the treatment of fungal infections: antifungal activity and selectivity in vitro (abstract F76). 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