{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T16:18:12Z","timestamp":1780935492878,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bronchopulmonary fungal infections continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients, and amphotericin B remains the drug of choice for prophylaxis of most fungal infections. Unfortunately, intravenous amphotericin B has numerous serious adverse effects; thus, nebulized amphotericin B could decrease the incidence of adverse effects seen with the intravenous formulation and provide high local concentrations in the lung tissue. We performed a prospective pilot study to characterize the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung tissue, and plasma concentrations of amphotericin B following inhalation administration to lung transplant recipients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Amphotericin B 30 mg was administered by nebulizer prior to a routine bronchoscopy. Amphotericin B concentrations in BAL samples from the upper and lower lobes, transbronchial biopsies, and plasma (obtained by drawing a blood sample 30 min after the amphotericin B inhalation) were analyzed by HPLC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight patients were enrolled in the study (mean age 50.0 \u00b1 16.1 y; number of years posttransplant 3.0 \u00b1 1.9; type of transplant 5 double-lung, 3 single-lung). The mean amphotericin B concentration in the upper and lower lobe BAL samples were 0.68 \u00b1 0.36 and 0.50 \u00b1 0.31 \u03bcg\/mL, respectively. Amphotericin B concentrations, detected in only 2 of 5 biopsy samples, were 0.118 and 0.03 \u03bcg\/g. Amphotericin B was detected in the plasma of only 1 patient (0.19 mg\/L).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This pilot study demonstrated that detectable concentrations of amphotericin B can be attained in both the upper and lower BAL samples following aerosol administration. However, the frequency of the dose and duration of treatment still need to be determined in a larger study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1a015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,4]],"date-time":"2003-06-04T15:59:15Z","timestamp":1054742355000},"page":"46-51","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Amphotericin B Disposition after Aerosol Inhalation in Lung Transplant Recipients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Fawziah","family":"Marra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fawziah Marra PharmD, Pharmacotherapeutic Specialist, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Services Unit \u2014 Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre; Assistant Professor, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilufar","family":"Partovi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nilufar Partovi PharmD, Pharmacotherapeutic Specialist, Transplant, Clinical Services Unit \u2014 Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre; Clinical Assistant Professor, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kishor M","family":"Wasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kishor M Wasan PhD, Assistant Professor, Division of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan H","family":"Kwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evan H Kwong, Pharmacy Student, Division of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary HH","family":"Ensom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mary HH Ensom PharmD, Professor, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia; Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn M","family":"Cassidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shawn M Cassidy MSc, Clinical Pharmacist, Clinical Services Unit \u2014 Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Fradet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guy Fradet MD, Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, and British Columbia Transplant Society, Vancouver, British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert D Levy MD, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, and British Columbia Transplant Society"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr-bibr1-aph.1A015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01964057"},{"key":"bibr-bibr2-aph.1A015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/12.6.1147"},{"key":"bibr-bibr3-aph.1A015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.3.487"},{"key":"bibr-bibr4-aph.1A015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1991.9.1.77"},{"key":"bibr-bibr5-aph.1A015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00156818"},{"key":"bibr-bibr6-aph.1A015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513943"},{"key":"bibr-bibr7-aph.1A015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01709659"},{"key":"bibr-bibr8-aph.1A015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(91)90058-G"},{"key":"bibr-bibr9-aph.1A015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90184-Y"},{"key":"bibr-bibr10-aph.1A015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90902-8"},{"key":"bibr-bibr11-aph.1A015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/12.2.308"},{"key":"bibr-bibr12-aph.1A015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.37.6.1367"},{"key":"bibr-bibr13-aph.1A015","first-page":"403","volume":"5","author":"Conneally E","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"bibr-bibr14-aph.1A015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.3.750"},{"key":"bibr-bibr15-aph.1A015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01726364"},{"key":"bibr-bibr16-aph.1A015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01695915"},{"key":"bibr-bibr17-aph.1A015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199209054909"},{"key":"bibr-bibr18-aph.1A015","first-page":"3654","volume":"93","author":"Schwartz S","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"bibr-bibr19-aph.1A015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.7.1597"},{"key":"bibr-bibr20-aph.1A015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357001774417"},{"key":"bibr-bibr21-aph.1A015","unstructured":"Gavalda J, Monforte V, Roman A, Bravo C, Simo M, Aguade S, Pharmacokinetics and distribution of nebulized amphotericin B (n-Amp) in lung transplantation (abstract 1925). 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