{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:08:33Z","timestamp":1777417713763,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]],"date-time":"2002-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the efficacy and toxicity of the herbal supplement PC-Spes in prostate cancer patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Literature search through MEDLINE (1966\u2013October 2001), PubMed, and abstracts from the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (1995\u20132001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PC-Spes was associated with biochemical and clinical response in some prostate cancer patients. The mechanisms of action of PC-Spes appeared to be related to its estrogenic activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PC-Spes is associated with some efficacy in prostate cancer patients. Due to the limited data available, it should not be used to replace standard androgen suppression therapy in androgen-dependent patients. PC-Spes may have a role for patients who have failed standard treatments for androgen-independent disease and have no history of thromboembolism or abnormal bleeding. PC-Spes has a toxicity profile similar to those of androgen suppression and estrogen therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1a193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,4]],"date-time":"2003-06-04T16:20:48Z","timestamp":1054743648000},"page":"921-926","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Herbal Supplement PC-Spes for Prostate Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"M\u00e1rio L","family":"de Lemos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e1rio L de Lemos PharmD, Provincial Drug Information Coordinator, Provincial Systemic Therapy Program, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 600 W. 10th Ave., Vancouver V5Z 4E6, British Columbia, Canada, FAX 604\/708-2024"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr-bibr1-aph.1A193","volume-title":"Cancer facts and figures 2001","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr-bibr2-aph.1A193","volume-title":"Canadian cancer statistics 2000","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr-bibr3-aph.1A193","unstructured":"Tumor characteristics of prostate cancer patients. National Cancer Data Base (NCDB). 1995 [cited 2001 Aug 31]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.fac.org\/dept\/cancer\/ncdb\/prostat3.html."},{"key":"bibr-bibr4-aph.1A193","first-page":"1352","volume-title":"Cancer: Principles and practice of oncology","author":"Oesterling J","year":"1997","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr-bibr5-aph.1A193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80197-6"},{"key":"bibr-bibr6-aph.1A193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199810083391504"},{"key":"bibr-bibr7-aph.1A193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)62501-1"},{"key":"bibr-bibr8-aph.1A193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)68943-4"},{"key":"bibr-bibr9-aph.1A193","first-page":"289","volume":"4","author":"Porterfield H","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Urol"},{"key":"bibr-bibr10-aph.1A193","unstructured":"PC Spes. Botanic Lab. March 28, 2001 [cited 2001 Apr 23]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.botaniclab.com\/html\/pcspes.html."},{"key":"bibr-bibr11-aph.1A193","first-page":"729","volume":"17","author":"Darzynkiewicz Z","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"bibr-bibr12-aph.1A193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.11.3461"},{"key":"bibr-bibr13-aph.1A193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199809173391201"},{"key":"bibr-bibr14-aph.1A193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)00216-2"},{"key":"bibr-bibr15-aph.1A193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67146-7"},{"key":"bibr-bibr16-aph.1A193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.21.3595"},{"key":"bibr-bibr17-aph.1A193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.2000.00476.x"},{"key":"bibr-bibr18-aph.1A193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(00)00986-9"},{"key":"bibr-bibr19-aph.1A193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.1999.00285.x"},{"key":"bibr-bibr20-aph.1A193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2000.6.449"},{"key":"bibr-bibr21-aph.1A193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200110183451616"},{"key":"bibr-bibr22-aph.1A193","first-page":"1326","volume":"8","author":"Lock M","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can J Urol"},{"key":"bibr-bibr23-aph.1A193","first-page":"315a","volume":"17","author":"Zhang H","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr-bibr24-aph.1A193","first-page":"320a","volume":"18","author":"Kameda H","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr-bibr25-aph.1A193","first-page":"335a","volume":"19","author":"Small EJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr-bibr26-aph.1A193","first-page":"339a","volume":"19","author":"Oh WK","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr-bibr27-aph.1A193","first-page":"151b","volume":"20","author":"Ross RW","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"bibr-bibr28-aph.1A193","unstructured":"Mittelman A, Tiwari RK, Geliebter J. The use of herbal combination (PC-SPES) in vitro and in vivo study as well as clinical results. Presented at the 42nd Science Writers Seminar of the American Cancer Society, Tampa, FL, March 26\u201329, 2000."},{"key":"bibr-bibr29-aph.1A193","first-page":"333","volume":"3","author":"Porterfield H","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Urol"},{"key":"bibr-bibr30-aph.1A193","first-page":"9","volume":"1","author":"Anderson P","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Hot Sheet"},{"key":"bibr-bibr31-aph.1A193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.1.164S"},{"key":"bibr-bibr32-aph.1A193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)66670-9"},{"key":"bibr-bibr33-aph.1A193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198411153112004"},{"key":"bibr-bibr34-aph.1A193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(98)00008-9"},{"key":"bibr-bibr35-aph.1A193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02306082"},{"key":"bibr-bibr36-aph.1A193","first-page":"2653","volume":"20","author":"Rafi MM","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"bibr-bibr37-aph.1A193","first-page":"911","volume":"37","author":"Liu XF","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"bibr-bibr38-aph.1A193","unstructured":"PC Spes Notice. Botanic Lab. September 26, 2001 [cited 2001 Oct 2]. Available from URL: http:\/\/www.botaniclab.com\/html\/research.htm."},{"key":"bibr-bibr39-aph.1A193","unstructured":"Gunns E. Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM): introduction to CAM \u2014 Definitions and what's happening in BC. 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