{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:12:15Z","timestamp":1777417935837,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,1]],"date-time":"2002-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1014940800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT or HIT-2), an immune-mediated adverse reaction to heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin. Available treatment options and considerations in developing a therapy approach are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SOURCES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A search of the National Library of Medicine (1992\u2013June 2001) was done to identify pertinent literature. Additional references were reviewed from selected articles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY SELECTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Articles related to laboratory recognition and treatment options of HIT, including the use of agents in selected clinical conditions, were reviewed and included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIT is a rare but potentially severe adverse reaction to heparin that was, until recently, poorly understood and had limited treatment options. Recent advances describing the recognition and clinical manifestations of immune-mediated HIT, including recently available antithrombotic treatment options, have dramatically changed outcomes for patients having this syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1a204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,4]],"date-time":"2003-06-04T16:20:40Z","timestamp":1054743640000},"page":"489-503","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Treatment of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"William E","family":"Dager","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"William E Dager PharmD FCSHP, Pharmacist Specialist, Department of Pharmaceutical Services, The University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA; Clinical Professor of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California at San Francisco; Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, The University of California, Davis School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard H","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Richard H White MD, Medical Director, Anticoagulation Service, The University of California, Davis Medical Center; Professor of Clinical Medicine, The University of California, Davis School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr-bibr1-aph.1A204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.19.3.181.30928"},{"key":"bibr-bibr2-aph.1A204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(96)00258-6"},{"key":"bibr-bibr3-aph.1A204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8588(18)30515-X"},{"key":"bibr-bibr4-aph.1A204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200104263441704"},{"key":"bibr-bibr5-aph.1A204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.1_suppl.64S"},{"key":"bibr-bibr6-aph.1A204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199505183322003"},{"key":"bibr-bibr7-aph.1A204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(96)00027-8"},{"key":"bibr-bibr8-aph.1A204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1996.407945.x"},{"key":"bibr-bibr9-aph.1A204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.5.1703"},{"key":"bibr-bibr10-aph.1A204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1993.tb03072.x"},{"key":"bibr-bibr11-aph.1A204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.11.3691.bloodjournal84113691"},{"key":"bibr-bibr12-aph.1A204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008979010033"},{"key":"bibr-bibr13-aph.1A204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1027372901367"},{"key":"bibr-bibr14-aph.1A204","first-page":"9","volume":"35","author":"Warkentin TE","year":"1998","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"bibr-bibr15-aph.1A204","first-page":"23","volume":"25","author":"Kwaan HC","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemostasis"},{"key":"bibr-bibr16-aph.1A204","unstructured":"Lee DH, Warkentin TE. 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