{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:08:02Z","timestamp":1777417682330,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]],"date-time":"2002-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1033430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the data regarding the use of antibiotic therapy for the prevention of cardiovascular events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SOURCES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pertinent literature was identified through a MEDLINE search (1966\u2013September 2001) and through other secondary literature databases and\/or bibliographies of pertinent articles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SYNTHESIS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiovascular disease is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among the general population, with well-defined risk factors (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cigarette smoking, genetic predisposition). Clinical data evaluating the association between the aforementioned risk factors and the development of atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease are substantial; however, these risk factors may only partially explain the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease. The presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae within atherosclerotic lesions has been documented and may be an additional risk factor for the development and progression of cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of primary and secondary prevention trials have shown conflicting evidence with regard to the beneficial effects of antibiotic therapy to reduce cardiovascular events. Currently, the lack of certainty in published data does not support the use of antibiotics for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Clinicians should continue to emphasize interventions proven to reduce adverse cardiovascular events such as smoking cessation, reduction of hyperlipidemia, and control of hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1a401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,4]],"date-time":"2003-06-04T16:06:13Z","timestamp":1054742773000},"page":"1629-1636","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Role of Antibiotics for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Michael P","family":"Gabay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael P Gabay PharmD BCPS, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rupali","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rupali Jain PharmD, Infectious Disease Fellow\/Clinical Associate, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr-bibr1-aph.1A401","unstructured":"American Heart Association. 2001 Heart & stroke statistical update [cited 2001 Oct 10]. 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