{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:08:12Z","timestamp":1777417692004,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]],"date-time":"2002-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1033430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the tolerance of simulated amniotic fluid enterally administered in premature neonates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DESIGN:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicentered, Phase I, dose-escalation trial was accomplished among 30 preterm neonates. Groups of 10 patients received 5, 10, or 20 mL\/kg\/d enterally of the amniotic fluid solution, divided into every-3-hour dosing, for 3 days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Amount and character of emesis, stools, and gastric residuals; changes in abdominal girth; presence of a skin rash; blood pressure instability; the diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or intestinal perforation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty patients were studied: 10 received 5 mL\/kg\/d, 10 received 10 mL\/kg\/d, and 10 received 20 mL\/kg\/d of amniotic solution. Gestational ages ranged from 25 to 31 weeks. The Data Safety and Monitoring Board met after each group of 10 patients completed the study, reviewed the outcome measurements, and recommended continuance of the study. Dosing was discontinued for 3 patients prior to receiving all 24 doses because of gastric residuals (n = 1; 5 mL\/kg), stage I NEC (n = 1; 10 mL\/kg), or symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (n = 1; 20 mL\/kg). The remaining patients completed the doses with no evidence of intolerance: specifically, no increased gastric residuals, increased abdominal girth, diarrhea, blood pressure change, rash, NEC, or intestinal perforation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Enteral administration of an amniotic fluid\u2014like solution to preterm neonates is well tolerated in doses \u226420 mL\/kg\/d.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1a439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,4]],"date-time":"2003-06-04T16:06:13Z","timestamp":1054742773000},"page":"1518-1524","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Tolerance of Simulated Amniotic Fluid in Premature Neonates"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Sandra E","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sandra E Sullivan MD, Neonatal\u2014Perinatal Fellow, Division of Neonatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darlene A","family":"Calhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Darlene A Calhoun DO, Rothman Associate Professor and Associate Chairman for Research, Division of Neonatology, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akhil","family":"Maheshwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Akhil Maheshwari MD, Neonatal\u2014Perinatal Fellow, Division of Neonatology, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terri L","family":"Ashmeade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terri L Ashmeade MD, Assistant Professor, Division of Neonatology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A","family":"Auerbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David A Auerbach MD, Professor, Division of Neonatology, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Women and Children, Orlando, FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark L","family":"Hudak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mark L Hudak MD, Professor, Division of Neonatology, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan E","family":"Beltz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Susan E Beltz PharmD, Research PharmD, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Florida, Gainesville"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert D","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert D Christensen MD, Barness Professor and Chairman, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr-bibr1-aph.1A439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200001000-00012"},{"key":"bibr-bibr2-aph.1A439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(85)80044-0"},{"key":"bibr-bibr3-aph.1A439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607195019006453"},{"key":"bibr-bibr4-aph.1A439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607193017002165"},{"key":"bibr-bibr5-aph.1A439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199706000-00011"},{"key":"bibr-bibr6-aph.1A439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1071008"},{"key":"bibr-bibr7-aph.1A439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01600209"},{"key":"bibr-bibr8-aph.1A439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199502000-00004"},{"key":"bibr-bibr9-aph.1A439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90476-X"},{"key":"bibr-bibr10-aph.1A439","first-page":"229","volume":"97","author":"Calhoun DA","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"bibr-bibr11-aph.1A439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199909000-00015"},{"key":"bibr-bibr12-aph.1A439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(98)00030-9"},{"key":"bibr-bibr13-aph.1A439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199912000-00021"},{"key":"bibr-bibr14-aph.1A439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199802000-00010"},{"key":"bibr-bibr15-aph.1A439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199909000-00003"},{"key":"bibr-bibr16-aph.1A439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.82.1.F29"},{"key":"bibr-bibr17-aph.1A439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.10105"},{"key":"bibr-bibr18-aph.1A439","unstructured":"Calhoun DA, Richards BE, Gersting JA, Sullivan SE, Christensen RD. 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