{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:11:16Z","timestamp":1777417876296,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]],"date-time":"2002-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1030838400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the drug therapy for the treatment of itching associated with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SOURCES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE (1966\u2013July 2002) using the following MeSH terms: pregnancy, itching, intrahepatic cholestasis, cholestyramine, ursodeoxycholic acid, and phenobarbital. Current Contents (1966\u2013July 2002), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970\u2013June 2002), and Cochrane Database were also searched using those terms. Web of Science search was used to search references found in articles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SYNTHESIS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight clinical trials and several observational studies were identified evaluating the safety and efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in the treatment of ICP. Although these studies were small and inconsistent, improvement in maternal and fetal morbidity was demonstrated. Observational studies suggest that cholestyramine may be associated with improved maternal morbidity without a documented improvement in fetal outcome. Two observational studies evaluated the efficacy of phenobarbital for ICP treatment. Phenobarbital use was not associated with improved maternal or fetal morbidity\/mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from large, well-designed, randomized, controlled trials of treatment of ICP are lacking. Data that are available support the use of UDCA as a first-line agent and cholestyramine as a second-line agent for treatment of ICP. There is little evidence to recommend phenobarbital in the treatment of itching associated with that condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1a479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,4]],"date-time":"2003-06-04T16:23:45Z","timestamp":1054743825000},"page":"1462-1465","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Treatment of Itching Associated with Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"J Kimble","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"J Kimble Jenkins PharmD, Clinical Assistant Professor, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa A","family":"Boothby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lisa A Boothby PharmD, Drug Information Coordinator, Columbus Regional Drug Information Center, Columbus, 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