{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:08:34Z","timestamp":1777417714439,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]],"date-time":"2002-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1033430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the data regarding the pharmacotherapy of Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), and the human ehrlichioses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SOURCES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>English-language literature was identified via MEDLINE (1966\u2013January 2002) using the keywords Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and ehrlichiosis. Textbooks and other pertinent resources were also reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All articles identified through the data sources above were evaluated and reviewed if pertinent to the objective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SYNTHESIS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tick-borne diseases are the most common vector-transmitted diseases in North America. Each disease causes significant morbidity and, in the case of RMSF, mortality if patients go untreated. If the disease syndromes are recognized early and treatment is initiated, complications are greatly reduced. Doxycycline is active against each of the causative organisms, simplifying empiric treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Effective pharmacotherapy exists to treat each of these diseases, assuming diagnosis is made quickly. The \u03b2-lactam and tetracycline antibiotics appear to be the most effective therapy for Lyme disease. The tetracyclines, but not the \u03b2-lactams, are effective for RMSF and the human ehrlichioses. Since Borrelia burgdorferi and the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent are becoming more common coinfecting pathogens, tetracycline or doxycycline should be considered the drugs of choice for patients from endemic areas where exposure to both pathogens may have occurred. Doxycycline is the preferred agent because of decreased frequency of administration and adverse effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1c089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,4]],"date-time":"2003-06-04T16:06:13Z","timestamp":1054742773000},"page":"1590-1597","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Treatment of Tick-Borne Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Brian J","family":"Donovan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brian J Donovan PharmD, at time of writing, Specialty Resident, Infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, NC; now, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David J Weber MD MPH MHA, Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John C","family":"Rublein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John C Rublein PharmD BCPS, Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Hospitals; Clinical Assistant Professor of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralph H","family":"Raasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ralph H Raasch PharmD FCCP BCPS, Associate Professor of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr-bibr1-aph.1C089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/319347"},{"key":"bibr-bibr2-aph.1C089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-34-4-496"},{"key":"bibr-bibr3-aph.1C089","first-page":"29","volume":"51","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2002","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr-bibr4-aph.1C089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780200102"},{"key":"bibr-bibr5-aph.1C089","first-page":"2504","volume-title":"Principles and practice of infectious diseases","author":"Steere AC","year":"2000","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr-bibr6-aph.1C089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198303313081301"},{"key":"bibr-bibr7-aph.1C089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198303313081302"},{"key":"bibr-bibr8-aph.1C089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.4.694"},{"key":"bibr-bibr9-aph.1C089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.4.1648-1650.2000"},{"key":"bibr-bibr10-aph.1C089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.30.2.359-361.1992"},{"key":"bibr-bibr11-aph.1C089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.1.62"},{"key":"bibr-bibr12-aph.1C089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-12-199712150-00010"},{"key":"bibr-bibr13-aph.1C089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-12-199712150-00011"},{"key":"bibr-bibr14-aph.1C089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807233390401"},{"issue":"07","key":"bibr-bibr15-aph.1C089","first-page":"1","volume":"48","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1999","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr-bibr16-aph.1C089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807233390402"},{"key":"bibr-bibr17-aph.1C089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.12.5418"},{"key":"bibr-bibr18-aph.1C089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.1.271"},{"key":"bibr-bibr19-aph.1C089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.1.30-35.1999"},{"key":"bibr-bibr20-aph.1C089","unstructured":"Important News: LYMErix discontinued. 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