{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:21:23Z","timestamp":1777418483813,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]],"date-time":"2003-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1057017600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the available literature regarding the use of melatonin in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia (TD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SOURCES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Literature was identified through MEDLINE (1966\u2013September 2002), PsycINFO (1967\u2013September 2002), and references of relevant articles. Review articles, case reports\/series, and animal and human studies were reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SYNTHESIS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Melatonin has been investigated in TD based on its antioxidant properties. Animal studies and several human case series describe an association between melatonin and TD. Two recent, controlled studies evaluated the role of melatonin in the treatment of TD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a paucity of data evaluating the use of melatonin in TD. Both of the controlled studies evaluating its use are limited by methodologic issues. Although the most recent trial did report a statistically significant improvement in TD with melatonin, these results are not considered to be clinically significant. There are inadequate data at the present time to support the use of melatonin in patients with TD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1c460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,5]],"date-time":"2003-06-05T15:22:17Z","timestamp":1054826537000},"page":"1128-1131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Melatonin for the Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Leigh Anne","family":"Nelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leigh Anne Nelson PharmD BCPP, at time of writing, Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice and Psychiatry, St. Louis College of Pharmacy\/St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; now, Medical Science Manager, Neuroscience, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Kansas City, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J Michael","family":"McGuire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J Michael McGuire PharmD BCPP, Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice and Psychiatry, St. Louis College of Pharmacy\/St. Louis University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah N","family":"Hausafus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarah N Hausafus BSPharm, at time of writing, PharmD Student, St. Louis College of Pharmacy; now, Pharmacist, Schnuck's Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.1C460","unstructured":"Other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention. 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