{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:39:44Z","timestamp":1787240384848,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,1]],"date-time":"2003-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1067644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data on the cardiorespiratory changes and complications following administration of naloxone in children are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the cardiorespiratory changes and complications following naloxone treatment in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The maximal changes in respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and any complications within 1 and 2 hours following naloxone were tabulated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred ninety-five children received naloxone over 3 years. The mean \u00b1 SD age was 9.7 \u00b1 6 years. The total doses of naloxone ranged from 0.01 to 7 mg (0.001\u20130.5 mg\/kg body weight), with a median dose of 0.1 mg. Group 1 patients consisted of 11 6 (60%) children who were postoperative and had been given naloxone by an anesthesiologist; group 2 patients consisted of 79 (40%) children who received naloxone in the emergency department or pediatric intensive care unit. Patients in group 1 were older: 10.6 \u00b1 5.3 versus 8.2 \u00b1 6.7 years (p &lt; 0.006), but received significantly lower doses of naloxone (0.09 \u00b1 0.2 vs. 1.1 \u00b1 0.76 mg; p &lt; 0.001). When the entire cohort was evaluated, a significant increase in RR (15 \u00b1 7 vs. 21 \u00b1 8 breaths\/min; p &lt; 0.001), HR (102 \u00b1 29 vs.107 \u00b1 29 beats\/min; p &lt; 0.001), SBP (109 \u00b1 17 vs. 115 \u00b1 15 mm Hg; p &lt; 0.001), and DBP (56 \u00b1 10 vs. 60 \u00b1 13 mm Hg; p &lt; 0.001) within 1 hour following naloxone was noted. When the 2 groups were compared, only the changes in RR were greater in group 2 patients (6.8 \u00b1 7.9 vs. 4.7 \u00b1 5 breaths\/min; p &lt; 0.001) following naloxone. Systolic hypertension occurred in 33 of 195 (16.9%) of all patients, while diastolic hypertension occurred in 13 (6.6%) of all patients after naloxone. Only the incidence of diastolic hypertension was higher in group 2 compared with group 1 patients following naloxone (16% vs. 2%; p &lt; 0.001). Hypertension resolved spontaneously. One child developed pulmonary edema and required positive pressure ventilation for 22 hours.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Moderate increases in RR, HR, and BP occur after naloxone administration to children, but development of more serious complications is rare.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1c521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,5]],"date-time":"2003-09-05T10:48:55Z","timestamp":1062758935000},"page":"1587-1592","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Cardiorespiratory Effects of Naloxone in Children"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Rashed A","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rashed A Hasan MD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Michigan State University, Hurley Medical Center, Flint, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy S","family":"Benko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amy S Benko PharmD, Pharmacy Clinical Coordinator, Hurley Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian M","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brian M Nolan MD, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Michigan State University, Hurley Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Campe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julie Campe BA, Research Coordinator, Hurley Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Duff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jenny Duff BA, Research Coordinator, Hurley Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George Y","family":"Zureikat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Y Zureikat MD, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Michigan State University, Hurley Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.1C521","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-197352030-00033"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.1C521","volume-title":"Goldfrank's toxicologic emergencies","author":"Weisman RS","year":"1994","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.1C521","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.83.5.803"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.1C521","first-page":"484","volume":"86","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.1C521","unstructured":"Chameides L, Hazinski MF, eds. 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