{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:28:58Z","timestamp":1790206138192,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,1]],"date-time":"2004-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1078099200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmacologic therapy in the treatment of HIV-associated lipodystrophy, with a focus on the treatment of fat redistribution. Drug therapies that have been shown to be beneficial in other forms of lipodystrophy and are currently being evaluated in HIV-associated lipodystrophy are also discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SOURCES<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A MEDLINE search was conducted from 1996 to February 2003. Bibliographies of all articles were reviewed and pertinent articles were included. Abstracts from major meetings in 2002 and 2003 were also reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All published studies were included in the review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SYNTHESIS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lipodystrophy has become more prevalent in patients with HIV. Lipodystrophy consists of adipose redistribution and metabolic abnormalities including dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Treatment of lipodystrophy has been directed at either decreasing the amount of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), dorsocervical adipose tissue (commonly known as buffalo hump) and\/or increase subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) decreases VAT and buffalo hump, although it has been associated with a high frequency of adverse effects. Metformin and the thiazolidinediones have favorable metabolic effects, but were not found to be effective in correcting body compositional changes associated with lipodystrophy. Anabolic steroids and L-carnitine are not effective in the treatment of lipodystrophy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No drug therapy exists to fully ameliorate or correct the cosmetic changes of HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Clinicians must weigh the benefits and risks of each agent and individualize treatment for each patient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1d081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,2]],"date-time":"2004-02-02T20:12:57Z","timestamp":1075752777000},"page":"448-457","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Pharmacologic Therapy for HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Benavides","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sandra Benavides PharmD, at time of writing, Pediatric Pharmacotherapy Fellow, College of Pharmacy, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; now, Assistant Professor, Cooperative Pharmacy Program, University of Texas, Pan American, Edinburg, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milap C","family":"Nahata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Milap C Nahata PharmD, Professor of Pharmacy, Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, the Ohio State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.1D081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803263381301"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.1D081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450033347109"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.1D081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)08468-2"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.1D081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199807000-00003"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.1D081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.22.2621"},{"key":"bibr6-aph.1D081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04056-3"},{"key":"bibr7-aph.1D081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/317477"},{"key":"bibr8-aph.1D081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12656-6"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.1D081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/317541"},{"key":"bibr10-aph.1D081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200124030-00001"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.1D081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200211010-00001"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.1D081","first-page":"1541","volume-title":"Goodman and Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics","author":"Parker K.","year":"2001","edition":"10"},{"key":"bibr13-aph.1D081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198912283212605"},{"key":"bibr14-aph.1D081","first-page":"504","volume":"86","author":"Rietschel P","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"bibr15-aph.1D081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199912030-00023"},{"key":"bibr16-aph.1D081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-131-4-199908170-00024"},{"key":"bibr17-aph.1D081","first-page":"2099","volume":"13","author":"Wanke C","year":"1999","journal-title":"Recombinant human growth hormone improves the fat redistribution syndrome (lipodystrophy) in patients with HIV AIDS"},{"key":"bibr18-aph.1D081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.8.7785"},{"key":"bibr19-aph.1D081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-200208010-00002"},{"key":"bibr20-aph.1D081","unstructured":"20. Kotler D, Thompson M, Grunfeld C, Testa M, Turner R, Gertner J,  Growth hormone (Serostimreg) effectively reduces visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation and non-HDL cholesterol (abstract LbOr18). Presented at: XIV International AIDS Conference, Barcelona, July 7\u201312, 2002."},{"key":"bibr21-aph.1D081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199905280-00023"},{"key":"bibr22-aph.1D081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.4.472"},{"key":"bibr23-aph.1D081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020709"},{"key":"bibr24-aph.1D081","unstructured":"24. Martinez E, Domingo P, Perez-Cuevas JB, Arroyo JA, Buira E, Milinkovic A,  A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, comparative study on the effects of metformin or gemfibrozin in lipodystrophic HIV-1\u2013infected patients receiving protease inhibitors (PI) (abstract 702-T). Presented at: 9th Annual Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Seattle, February 24\u201328, 2002."},{"key":"bibr25-aph.1D081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200210010-00006"},{"key":"bibr26-aph.1D081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200303280-00022"},{"key":"bibr27-aph.1D081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1293.2001.00049.x"},{"key":"bibr28-aph.1D081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/095646249901000814"},{"key":"bibr29-aph.1D081","unstructured":"29. Hengge UR, Stocks K, Unger S, Faulkner S, Goos M, Dudley R. Randomized Phase III trial of oxymetholone for the treatment of HIV wasting and lipodystrophy (abstract 705-T). 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