{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:25:12Z","timestamp":1777418712272,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]],"date-time":"2004-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Argatroban is a direct thrombin inhibitor used to treat heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Argatroban is primarily cleared by hepatic mechanisms, with only small amounts of unchanged drug cleared by the kidneys.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the effects of renal function on argatroban dose and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients treated with argatroban were identified and prospectively screened. Patients with liver dysfunction were excluded from the analysis. Charts and laboratory data were reviewed daily until a therapeutic aPTT was reached or argatroban was discontinued. Data points collected included age, weight, gender, admitting diagnosis, past medical history, indication for anticoagulation, indication for argatroban, initial dose, goal aPTT, titration instructions, liver function tests, serum creatinine (S\n                      <jats:sub>cr<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), blood urea nitrogen, and estimated creatinine clearance (Cl\n                      <jats:sub>cr<\/jats:sub>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 66 patients were evaluated and 44 met criteria for inclusion. Baseline S\n                      <jats:sub>cr<\/jats:sub>\n                      was elevated at 1.5 mg\/dL (0.9, 2.3; median 25th, 75th percentile), with an estimated Cl\n                      <jats:sub>cr<\/jats:sub>\n                      40 mL\/min\/1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (26, 74). The median dose of argatroban to reach the predefined therapeutic range was 1 \u03bcg\/kg\/min (0.68, 2), with a corresponding aPTT of 60 seconds (54, 66). After univariate analysis, Cl\n                      <jats:sub>cr<\/jats:sub>\n                      significantly predicted the therapeutic dose (coefficient b \u00b1 SE 0.019 \u00b1 0.004; r\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      0.35; p &lt; 0.001). Covariates that predicted dose were the presence of HIT (coefficient b \u00b1 SE \u22120.61 \u00b1 0.3; p = 0.045), history of myocardial infarction (coefficient b \u00b1 SE \u22120.74 \u00b1 0.3; p = 0.02), and an indication for anticoagulation of deep-vein thrombosis\/pulmonary embolism (coefficient b \u00b1 SE 0.69 \u00b1 0.3; p = 0.03).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Estimated Cl\n                      <jats:sub>cr<\/jats:sub>\n                      significantly predicted the dose of argatroban needed to reach a therapeutic aPTT.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1d163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,29]],"date-time":"2003-10-29T14:26:51Z","timestamp":1067437611000},"page":"25-29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Effect of Renal Function on the Pharmacodynamics of Argatroban"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Paul A","family":"Arpino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul A Arpino PharmD, Senior Attending Pharmacist, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert K","family":"Hallisey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert K Hallisey MS BSPharm, Drug Therapy Coordinator, Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.1D163","first-page":"7","volume":"36","author":"Amiral J.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.1D163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199717050-00005"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.1D163","first-page":"17","volume":"36","author":"Kelton JG.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.1D163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(96)00258-6"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.1D163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.10.1479"},{"key":"bibr6-aph.1D163","volume-title":"Product information. Argatroban","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr7-aph.1D163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.20.4.318.34881"},{"key":"bibr8-aph.1D163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00002"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.1D163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000180580"},{"key":"bibr10-aph.1D163","first-page":"107","volume-title":"The science and practice of nutrition support: A case-based core curriculum. American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition","author":"Shopbell JM","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.1D163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1613748"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.1D163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200008173430702"},{"key":"bibr13-aph.1D163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.03146.x"},{"key":"bibr14-aph.1D163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009127009903900512"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1D163","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1345\/aph.1D163","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1D163","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:07:40Z","timestamp":1777374460000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1345\/aph.1D163"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1345\/aph.1D163"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1345\/aph.1d163","relation":{},"ISSN":["1060-0280","1542-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1060-0280","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]}}}