{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:52:38Z","timestamp":1787021558102,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]],"date-time":"2004-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review available literature on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, toxicology, adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosage guidelines for purified poloxamer 188, a product in Phase III trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SOURCES<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reviewers searched the following databases for English-language studies: MEDLINE (1966\u2013November 2003), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970\u2013November 2003), and the Cochrane Library Database (3rd quarter 2003). Key search terms included purified poloxamer 188, Flocor, CRL-5861, poloxamer 188, RheothRx, and pluronic F-68.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data on efficacy, adverse effects, and pharmacokinetics were obtained from randomized, open-label, and blinded clinical trials. Toxicology data were obtained from unpublished studies with purified poloxamer 188 and from available data on poloxamer 188 (nonpurified form).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SYNTHESIS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Purified poloxamer 188 is a highly purified form of the nonionic block copolymer poloxamer 188. It lowers blood viscosity, decreases red blood cell (RBC) aggregation, and decreases friction between RBCs and vessel walls to increase microvascular blood flow and decrease cell injury. In clinical trials, purified poloxamer 188 demonstrated safety, but little efficacy for the treatment of sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis. Increased efficacy has been shown in patients on concurrent hydroxyurea therapy and those &lt;15 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Purified poloxamer 188 represents a new approach to the management of the sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis. Children and patients on hydroxyurea may benefit most from purified poloxamer 188 therapy. Further studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and to determine whether the drug decreases sickle cell disease severity and complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1d223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,12]],"date-time":"2004-01-12T12:02:56Z","timestamp":1073908976000},"page":"320-324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Purified Poloxamer 188 for Sickle Cell Vaso-Occlusive Crisis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Winter J","family":"Gibbs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Winter J Gibbs PharmD, Pharmacy Practice Resident, Department of Pharmacy, Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy M","family":"Hagemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tracy M Hagemann PharmD, Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Department of Pharmacy: Clinical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.1D223","unstructured":"1. Facts about sickle cell anemia. NIH publication 96-4057. www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/public\/blood\/sickle\/sca_fact.txt (accessed 2003 Jul 27)."},{"key":"bibr2-aph.1D223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010288"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.1D223","volume-title":"Sickle cell disease: basic principles and clinical practice","author":"Embury SH","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.1D223","first-page":"1349","volume":"61","author":"Yale SH","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.1D223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200262080-00003"},{"key":"bibr6-aph.1D223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.17.2099"},{"key":"bibr7-aph.1D223","unstructured":"7. CRL-5861 (Flocor, purified poloxamer 188, RheothRx). Investigational therapeutic products. Bioscorpio Lifescience. www.bioscorpio.com (accessed 2003 Mar 21)."},{"key":"bibr8-aph.1D223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.7.7.1193"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.1D223","unstructured":"9. Flocor technical brochure. CytRx Corporation. www.cytrx.com (accessed 2003 May 15)."},{"key":"bibr10-aph.1D223","volume-title":"Drugdex editorial staff","volume":"119","author":"Luer J","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.1D223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.297"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.1D223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/js960491e"},{"key":"bibr13-aph.1D223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.10190"},{"key":"bibr14-aph.1D223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.5.2041"},{"key":"bibr15-aph.1D223","first-page":"192","volume":"96","author":"Collaborative Organization for RheothRx Evaluation (CORE)","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"bibr16-aph.1D223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.5.1079","volume":"92","author":"Yusuf S","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"bibr17-aph.1D223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.3.298"},{"key":"bibr18-aph.1D223","unstructured":"18. Flocor overview. 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