{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:24:30Z","timestamp":1791829470949,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]],"date-time":"2003-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1070236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To expose pharmacy educators and practitioners to concepts of medical geography and medical surveillance. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is used as a case example because it is an emerging infection and a prime example of the type of disease that pharmacists may encounter in daily practice (e.g., easily transmitted, resembles the common cold).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SOURCES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrieved data from publications related to medical geography, medical surveillance, and SARS. Data on current SARS cases in Hong Kong were obtained from the Hong Kong Department of Health Web site.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Variables regarding new cases and deaths due to SARS were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SYNTHESIS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Background information on medical geography and medical surveillance was reviewed. Descriptive statistics were calculated for incidence, prevalence, and the number of deaths due to SARS in Hong Kong from March 14 to May 31, 2003.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emerging infections are a serious concern for both the public and healthcare practitioners. The recent global diffusion of SARS highlights the ease in which diseases can diffuse from place to place. Understanding concepts related to medical geography and medical surveillance can help pharmacists be better prepared to anticipate disease diffusion and to evaluate signs of emerging infections. In turn, this can help pharmacists be better prepared to provide information and care to their patients. The long-term benefit of understanding how diseases spread and the specific activities related to disease detection is an opportunity for expanding the scope of pharmacy practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1d244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,5]],"date-time":"2003-11-05T17:19:42Z","timestamp":1068052782000},"page":"1841-1848","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Implications of SARS: Medical Geography and Surveillance in Disease Detection"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"John R","family":"Litaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"John R Litaker MSc MMedSc, PhD Candidate, Pharmacy Administration Division, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennie Y","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jennie Y Chou BSPharm MS, PhD Candidate, Pharmacy Administration Division, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzanne Novak MD, PhD Candidate, Pharmacy Administration Division, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James P Wilson PhD PharmD, Associate Professor and Division Head, Pharmacy Practice Division, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.1D244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0264-114"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.1D244","first-page":"4","volume":"65","author":"Patterson KD","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bull History Med"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.1D244","first-page":"234","volume-title":"Medical geography","author":"Meade M","year":"1988","edition":"1"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.1D244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8306.1971.tb00815.x"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.1D244","unstructured":"Global estimates of HIV\/AIDS epidemics of end 2001. The World Health Organization\/United Nation Program on AIDS. www.unaids.org (accessed 2003 May 25)."},{"key":"bibr6-aph.1D244","volume-title":"WHO issues a global alert about cases of atypical pneumonia","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr7-aph.1D244","unstructured":"Bradsher K, Altman LK. Strain of SARS is found in 3 animal species in Asia. New York Times 2003;May 24:A1."},{"key":"bibr8-aph.1D244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7386.416"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.1D244","unstructured":"Mostashari F. Syndromic surveillance in New York City. Presentation by the New York City Department of Health. ddis.ifas.ufl.edu\/spdn\/atlantap-resentation\/BioMed\/farzad_mostashari.pdf (accessed 2003 May 29)."},{"key":"bibr10-aph.1D244","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Medical geography","author":"Meade M","year":"1988","edition":"1"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.1D244","first-page":"306","volume-title":"Medical geography","author":"Meade M","year":"1988","edition":"1"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.1D244","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Medical geography: Techniques and field studies","author":"McGlashan ND.","year":"1972","edition":"1"},{"key":"bibr13-aph.1D244","first-page":"262","volume-title":"Medical geography","author":"Meade M","year":"2000","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr14-aph.1D244","unstructured":"Rosenthal E. The SARS epidemic: The path. From China's provinces, a crafty germ breaks out. New York Times 2003 April 27:A1."},{"key":"bibr15-aph.1D244","first-page":"61","volume-title":"The slow plague: A geography of the AIDS pandemic","author":"Gould P.","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr16-aph.1D244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-1786-7_1"},{"key":"bibr17-aph.1D244","first-page":"241","volume":"52","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr18-aph.1D244","volume-title":"Daily situation reports on severe acute respiratory syndrome","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr19-aph.1D244","unstructured":"Gallup Poll. Gallup's annual honesty and ethics poll. November 2002."},{"key":"bibr20-aph.1D244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13391-0"},{"key":"bibr21-aph.1D244","first-page":"102","volume":"3","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chain Drug Rev"},{"key":"bibr22-aph.1D244","unstructured":"Osterholm MT. SARS: how effective is the state and local response? Prepared statement before the United States Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations. May 21, 2003. http:\/\/govt-aff.senate.gov\/index.cfm?Fuseaction=Hearings.Testimony&HearingID=72&WitnessID=244 (accessed 2003 May 29)."},{"key":"bibr23-aph.1D244","unstructured":"Gerberding JL. CDC response to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Prepared statement before the United States Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations. May 21, 2003. www.senate.gov\/\u223cgovt-aff\/_files\/052103cdc.pdf (accessed 2003 May 29)."},{"key":"bibr24-aph.1D244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pavlin JA. Epidemiology of bioterrorism. Emerging Infect Dis [serial online] 1999 July-August. www.cdc.gov\/ncidod\/EID\/vol5no4\/pdf\/pavlin.pdf (accessed 2003 May 18).","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0504.990412"},{"key":"bibr25-aph.1D244","volume-title":"Surveillance and epidemiology capacity","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr26-aph.1D244","unstructured":"Testimony at CDC's Public Health Surveillance Activities by David Fleming MD to the United States House of Representatives Committee on Government Reform, Subcommittee on National Security, Emerging Threats, and International Relations. May 5, 2003. United States Department of Health and Human Services. www.hhs.gov\/asl\/testify\/t030505.html (accessed 2003 May 29)."},{"key":"bibr27-aph.1D244","volume-title":"Leaders update Homeland Security advisor on UNMC's bioterrorism efforts","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr28-aph.1D244","volume-title":"Demonstration systems in public health surveillance - RODS Laboratory","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr29-aph.1D244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buehler JW, Berkelman RL, Hartley DM, Peters CJ. Syndromic surveillance and bioterrorism-related epidemics. Emerg Infect Dis [serial online] 2003 October. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncidod\/EID\/vol9no10\/03-0231.htm (accessed 2003 Oct 10).","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0910.030231"},{"key":"bibr30-aph.1D244","unstructured":"Syndromic Surveillance. July 18, 2002. 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