{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:28:58Z","timestamp":1777418938298,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,1]],"date-time":"2004-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1078099200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe a general overview of smallpox, clinical presentation, diagnosis, adverse events, and management of both pre- and postexposure vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SOURCES<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Literature was identified by search of MEDLINE (1966\u2013June 2003) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1966\u2013May 2003) databases using the key terms smallpox, bioterrorism, biological warfare, and smallpox vaccine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Articles identified from data sources were evaluated, and relevant information was included in this review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SYNTHESIS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smallpox is spread by human-to-human contact with an infected host and therefore can be contagious. The mortality rate for smallpox is approximately 30%. While the disease was completely eradicated by 1980 with successful use of smallpox vaccine, concern has been raised that smallpox may emerge as a tool of bioterrorism. This concern, combined with the reality of current smallpox vaccination programs in the military and selected civilian populations, mandates a clear understanding of vaccination-related adverse events and contraindications by all healthcare professionals. The vaccine may cause moderate to severe adverse events such as eczema vaccinatum, progressive vaccinia, and generalized vaccinia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The balance between the risks and benefits of mass vaccination in prevention of an epidemic is not clear. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has established a guideline for appropriate use of smallpox vaccine in the civilian population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1d272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,2]],"date-time":"2004-02-02T20:12:57Z","timestamp":1075752777000},"page":"440-447","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Smallpox: Clinical Features, Prevention, and Management"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Roy","family":"Guharoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Roy Guharoy PharmD FCP FCCP FASHP, Director of Pharmacy Services and Associate Professor of Medicine, Associate Chief, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, SUNY\u2014Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Panzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Panzik PharmD, Staff Pharmacist, RiteAid, Shamokin, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John A","family":"Noviasky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John A Noviasky PharmD, Clinical Coordinator, St. Elizabeth Medical Center, Utica, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward P","family":"Krenzelok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edward P Krenzelok PharmD FAACT ABAT, Director, Pittsburgh Poison Center; Professor of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald C","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donald C Blair MD, Chief of Infectious Diseases, Professor of Medicine, SUNY\u2014Upstate Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.1D272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-8_Part_1-199710150-00010"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.1D272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200204000-00009"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.1D272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200206000-00004"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.1D272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020025"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.1D272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.8.2069-2076.1995"},{"key":"bibr6-aph.1D272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-12-200212170-00013"},{"key":"bibr7-aph.1D272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/77.7.661"},{"key":"bibr8-aph.1D272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199902000-00002"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.1D272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.162282799"},{"key":"bibr10-aph.1D272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(85)90111-4"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.1D272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000446-200209000-00031"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.1D272","volume-title":"Smallpox","author":"Rao AR.","year":"1972"},{"key":"bibr13-aph.1D272","volume-title":"Smallpox","author":"Dixon CW.","year":"1962"},{"key":"bibr14-aph.1D272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(52)91357-3"},{"key":"bibr15-aph.1D272","unstructured":"15. 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