{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:30:06Z","timestamp":1777419006609,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]],"date-time":"2004-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1080777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n Inner-city patients infected with HIV can be a challenging group to treat. Homelessness, mental illness, substance abuse, and hepatitis C infection may serve as barriers to effective treatment. A multidisciplinary team including the pharmacist can impact upon the delivery of care to the inner-city HIV patient population.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n To describe the implementation and provision of pharmaceutical care to inner-city patients taking directly observed therapy (DOT), as well as drug-related problems (DRPs) and their respective outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n Pharmaceutical care, including the prospective identification and management of DRPs, was provided by a clinical pharmacist.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n Fifty-seven patients were followed over a 14-month period. Overall, 149 DRPs were identified and >95% were resolved. Those included (1) adverse effects (n = 56; gastrointestinal, central nervous system effects, allergies, laboratory abnormalities), (2) drug interactions (n = 32), (3) drugs indicated for comorbidities (n = 24; safety in pregnancy, tuberculosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis, oral candidiasis, herpes zoster, nutritional supplements), (4) adherence issues (n = 20; altering timing of medication, changing formulation, decreasing pill burden), (5) drugs no longer indicated (n = 10; opportunistic infection prophylaxis, treatment of primary infection), and (6) dosage adjustment (n = 7) for weight and renal insufficiency.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n In the provision of pharmaceutical care to HIV-infected patients on DOT, an HIV pharmacist significantly contributed to antiretroviral selection, monitoring of drug therapy, and managing DRPs. An HIV pharmacist can assist in promoting patient adherence and improved outcomes in this setting.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1d444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,1]],"date-time":"2004-03-01T20:44:05Z","timestamp":1078173845000},"page":"550-556","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Pharmaceutical Care for HIV Patients on Directly Observed Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Michelle M","family":"Foisy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Michelle M Foisy PharmD, HIV Pharmacy Specialist, Northern Alberta HIV Program, Royal Alexandra Hospital and DOT for HAART Program, Boyle McCauley Health Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter S","family":"Akai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter S Akai MD ABIM PhD, Specialist, Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases; Medical Director, DOT for HAART Program, Boyle McCauley Health Centre"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.1D444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(03)00093-7"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.1D444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/339447"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr3-aph.1D444","first-page":"S105","volume":"79","author":"Lavender KJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.1D444","volume-title":"Package insert. Sustiva (efavirenz)","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.1D444","unstructured":"5. Lochet P, Peyriere H, Mauboussin JM, Delmas B, Lotthe A, Reynes J. Sensio study: assessment of late neuropsychiatric adverse reactions (NPAR) to efavirenz (abstract MoPeB3250). Presented at: XIV International AIDS Conference, Barcelona, July 7\u201312, 2002."},{"key":"bibr6-aph.1D444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199302000-00008"},{"key":"bibr7-aph.1D444","volume-title":"Package insert. Videx (didanosine tablets and EC capsules)","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr8-aph.1D444","volume-title":"Package insert. Kaletra (lopinavir\/ritonavir)","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.1D444","volume-title":"Package insert. Viread (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate)","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr10-aph.1D444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.19211"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.1D444","unstructured":"11. Shelton MJ, Cloen D, Becker M, Hsyo PH, Wilton JH. Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic interaction between phenytoin and nelfinavir in healthy volunteers at steady state (abstract 426).valuation of the pharmacokinetic interaction between phenytoin and nelfinavir in healthy volunteers at steady state (abstract 426). Presented at: 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Toronto, September 17\u201320, 2000: 14."},{"key":"bibr12-aph.1D444","unstructured":"12. Lim ML, Min SS, Eron J, Bertz R, Robinson M, Gaedigk A, A two-way interaction between lopinavir\/ritonavir and phenytoin (abstract 535). Presented at: 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Boston, February 10\u201314, 2003."},{"key":"bibr13-aph.1D444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370104600409"},{"key":"bibr14-aph.1D444","volume-title":"Package insert. Norvir (ritonavir)","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr15-aph.1D444","volume-title":"Package insert. 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