{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:30:08Z","timestamp":1777419008372,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aspirin therapy is widely accepted for patients with documented cardiovascular disease, but there is a growing trend among healthy individuals to use aspirin as primary prevention for both cardiovascular disease and cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the impact of the complications of aspirin therapy on quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) in healthy individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A computer-based decision-analytic model was constructed. In this model, healthy individuals taking aspirin were assumed to receive no advantages from the aspirin, but were at risk of developing its associated complications. Individuals took 325 mg of enteric-coated aspirin every day until death, discontinuing therapy only if an aspirin-induced complication occurred. The analysis was performed from a societal perspective, starting at age 50 years. Extensive sensitivity analyses were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the absence of any beneficial effect, aspirin reduced QALYs by 0.03 per individual. Unadjusted life expectancy was decreased by 0.04 years (2 wk). Lifetime aspirin use cost an average of $460\/healthy person. The total complication rate over a lifetime of aspirin therapy was 6.79%, with a mortality rate of 0.18%. Alternatively stated, there was one complication for every 15 individuals treated and one death for every 556 individuals treated. Extensive sensitivity analysis showed the range of results possible when varying age, gender, length of follow-up, and other key parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Assuming no benefits, aspirin therapy in healthy individuals leads to a small reduction in QALYs at an overall low cost per person. However, approximately 1 in 15 individuals will experience an aspirin-induced complication and 1 in 556 individuals will die.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1e115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,22]],"date-time":"2004-12-22T04:20:56Z","timestamp":1103689256000},"page":"51-57","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Analysis of Aspirin-Associated Risks in Healthy Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Chin","family":"Hur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chin Hur MD MPH, Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Senior Scientist, Institute for Technology Assessment and Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee S","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee S Simon MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G Scott","family":"Gazelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G Scott Gazelle MD MPH PhD, Associate Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School; Director, Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6921.81"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.9.2329"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-136-2-200201150-00015"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.1E115","first-page":"1322","volume":"53","author":"Thun MJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021633"},{"key":"bibr6-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021735"},{"key":"bibr7-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp030005"},{"key":"bibr8-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-136-2-200201150-00016"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540140060028"},{"key":"bibr10-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.85.3.265"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198907203210301"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(93)90098-O"},{"key":"bibr13-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X9201200401"},{"key":"bibr14-aph.1E115","unstructured":"14Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services"},{"key":"bibr15-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.1998.00246.x"},{"key":"bibr16-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530230025025"},{"key":"bibr17-aph.1E115","volume-title":"Drug topics red book","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr18-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450010045028"},{"key":"bibr19-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.21907"},{"key":"bibr20-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.9.1459"},{"key":"bibr21-aph.1E115","volume-title":"National Compensation Survey","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr22-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)11475-1"},{"key":"bibr23-aph.1E115","unstructured":"23 U.S. Life tables: National vital statistics report: National Center for Health Statistics, 1997: 10."},{"key":"bibr24-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X9301300202"},{"key":"bibr25-aph.1E115","unstructured":"25 Consumer Price Index, Consumer Price Index: Medical Care Component. Washington, DC, 2003."},{"key":"bibr26-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540150055031"},{"key":"bibr27-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103293441304"},{"key":"bibr28-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04960-6"},{"key":"bibr29-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03927.x"},{"key":"bibr30-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.23.3036"},{"key":"bibr31-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-197511000-00004"},{"key":"bibr32-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)26018-6"},{"key":"bibr33-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200110000-00010"},{"key":"bibr34-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.1067"},{"key":"bibr35-aph.1E115","first-page":"38","volume":"110","author":"Hallan S","year":"1990","journal-title":"Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen"},{"key":"bibr36-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480106700906"},{"key":"bibr37-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.203.3.9169676"},{"key":"bibr38-aph.1E115","first-page":"84","volume":"5","author":"Kemper AR","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eff Clin Pract"},{"key":"bibr39-aph.1E115","unstructured":"39Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"bibr40-aph.1E115","unstructured":"40United States Parachute Association"},{"key":"bibr41-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1539-6924.00286"},{"key":"bibr42-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/027298902236927"},{"key":"bibr43-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2530374"},{"key":"bibr44-aph.1E115","volume-title":"National vital statistics report","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr45-aph.1E115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp012672"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1E115","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1345\/aph.1E115","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1E115","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:08:59Z","timestamp":1777374539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1345\/aph.1E115"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1345\/aph.1E115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1345\/aph.1e115","relation":{},"ISSN":["1060-0280","1542-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1060-0280","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}}}