{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:43:14Z","timestamp":1791985394829,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report a case of neurotoxicity and subsequent hospitalization due to abuse of an ethyl chloride inhalant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CASE SUMMARY:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 41-year-old African American male presented to the emergency department due to mental status changes and an inability to walk. After the blood alcohol and urine drug screen returned negative, a family member revealed that the patient frequently abused an inhalant containing the volatile solvent ethyl chloride.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inhalant abuse is common and is facilitated by the widespread availability of volatile solvents that have legitimate commercial or household uses. Most inhalants are central nervous system depressants and are highly lipophilic. Maximum Impact, which contains ethyl chloride, is sold in stores and is readily available over the Internet. While the product has a legitimate use as a VCR head cleaner, it is often illicitly marketed over the Internet as a means of getting a \u201crush\u201d or \u201chigh\u201d and for enhancing sexual pleasure. Neurologic symptoms have been reported after deliberate inhalational exposure to ethyl chloride, and 2 deaths have been associated with its use. An objective causality assessment using the Naranjo probability scale revealed a probable adverse drug event.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inhalants should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with acute mental status changes and neurologic impairment that resolve over less than one week.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1e159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,22]],"date-time":"2004-12-22T04:20:56Z","timestamp":1103689256000},"page":"169-172","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Acute Inhalant-Induced Neurotoxicity with Delayed Recovery"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Christopher K","family":"Finch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Christopher K Finch PharmD BCPS, Critical Care Specialist, Methodist University Hospital, Memphis, TN; Assistant Professor, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee, Memphis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bob L","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bob L Lobo PharmD BCPS, Internal Medicine and Neuroscience Specialist, Methodist University Hospital; Associate Professor, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.1E159","unstructured":"1 National Inhalant Prevention Coalition. www.inhalants.org\/index.htm (accessed 2004 Mar 19)."},{"key":"bibr2-aph.1E159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.97.3.420","volume":"97","author":"Inhalant abuse","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.1E159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02737701"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.1E159","unstructured":"4Monitoring the Future Study (Table 1). www.monitoringthefuture.org\/data\/03data.html#2003data-drugs (accessed 2004 Aug 26)."},{"key":"bibr5-aph.1E159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199605000-00001"},{"key":"bibr6-aph.1E159","unstructured":"6 National Institute on Drug Abuse. www.drugabuse.gov\/ResearchReports\/Inhalants\/Inhalants.html (accessed 2004 Mar 22)."},{"key":"bibr7-aph.1E159","unstructured":"7XXX Action sex toys. www.xxx-action-sex-toys.com\/SEX_TOY_Head_Cleaner_Maximum_Impact_Head_Cleaner_4_6_oz.shtml (accessed 2004 Mar 19)."},{"key":"bibr8-aph.1E159","volume-title":"Hazardous substances data bank (HSDB, online database number-533 and CAS registry number 75\u201300\u20133)","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.1E159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/37.9.667"},{"key":"bibr10-aph.1E159","volume-title":"Toxicological profile for chloroethane","author":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.1E159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826088809039224"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.1E159","first-page":"122","volume":"17","author":"Hes JPH","year":"1979","journal-title":"Isr Ann Psychiatr Relat Discip"},{"key":"bibr13-aph.1E159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS14666J"},{"key":"bibr14-aph.1E159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/17.6.384"},{"key":"bibr15-aph.1E159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1981.154"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1E159","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1345\/aph.1E159","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1E159","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:08:59Z","timestamp":1777374539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1345\/aph.1E159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1345\/aph.1E159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1345\/aph.1e159","relation":{},"ISSN":["1060-0280","1542-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1060-0280","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}}}