{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:35:06Z","timestamp":1777419306067,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]],"date-time":"2005-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117584000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eye examinations for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are painful to the neonate. The use of topical anesthetic for eye examinations to evaluate ROP is routine in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), but does not completely suppress painful responses. Sweet solutions have been shown to reduce procedural pain in newborns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine whether the addition of sucrose 24% to topical anesthetic improves procedural pain control during the ROP eye examination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neonates born at \u2a7d30 weeks' gestation were included in this placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive treatment with either proparacaine HCl ophthalmic solution 0.5% plus 2 mL of sucrose 24% or proparacaine HCl ophthalmic solution 0.5% plus 2 mL of sterile water (placebo) prior to an eye examination. In a subsequent eye examination, each patient received the alternate treatment. Oral sucrose and sterile water were prepared in the pharmacy in identical syringes, and physicians, nurses, and pharmacists in the NICU were blinded to the treatment given. Pain was measured using the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) scoring system, which measures both physical and physiologic measures of pain, and the scores were simultaneously assessed by 2 study nurses. PIPP scores were recorded 1 and 5 minutes before and after the eye examination and during initial placement of the eye speculum. The same ophthalmologist performed all eye examinations. Several different definitions of a pain response were investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-three infants were studied, with 12 receiving sucrose and 11 receiving placebo as the first treatment. For 3 of the 5 definitions of pain response, patients experienced significantly less pain at speculum insertion with sucrose than with placebo. After the ROP examination, pain responses were similar with either sucrose or placebo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral sucrose may reduce the immediate pain response in premature infants undergoing eye examination for ROP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1e477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,26]],"date-time":"2005-04-26T23:08:59Z","timestamp":1114556939000},"page":"1029-1033","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Efficacy of Sucrose to Reduce Pain in Premature Infants during Eye Examinations for Retinopathy of Prematurity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Gal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Gal PharmD BCPS FCCP FASHP, Director, Pharmacy Division, Greensboro Area Health Education Center, Greensboro, NC; Clinical Professor, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Pharmacotherapy Specialist, Department of Neonatology, Women's Hospital, Greensboro"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace E","family":"Kissling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grace E Kissling PhD, Staff Scientist, Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William O","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William O Young MD, Consulting Ophthalmologist, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Women's Hospital; Pediatric Ophthalmology Associates PA, Greensboro"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly K","family":"Dunaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kimberly K Dunaway PharmD, Staff Pharmacist, Pharmacy Department, Women's Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia A","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia A Marsh RN BSN, Staff Nurse, Nursing Department, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Women's Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan M","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Susan M Jones RNC BSN, Staff Nurse, Nursing Department, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Women's Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawn H","family":"Shockley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dawn H Shockley RN BS ADN, Staff Nurse, Nursing Department, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Women's Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole L","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicole L Weaver RN BSN, Staff Nurse, Nursing Department, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Women's Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rita Q","family":"Carlos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rita Q Carlos MD, Neonatologist, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Women's Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J Laurence","family":"Ransom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J Laurence Ransom MD, Medical Director, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Women's Hospital; Clinical Professor, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.1E477","first-page":"CD001069","volume":"3","author":"Stevens B","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.1E477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.80.5.425"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.1E477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200404000-00009"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.1E477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.81.9.762"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.1E477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1E476"},{"key":"bibr6-aph.1E477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199603000-00004"},{"key":"bibr7-aph.1E477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(02)00016-7"},{"key":"bibr8-aph.1E477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.155.2.173"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.1E477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199912000-00006"},{"key":"bibr10-aph.1E477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000013953"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.1E477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.2.454"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.1E477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.6.1053"},{"key":"bibr13-aph.1E477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.121621"},{"key":"bibr14-aph.1E477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.19311"},{"key":"bibr15-aph.1E477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.153.4.331"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1E477","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1345\/aph.1E477","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1E477","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:10:17Z","timestamp":1777374617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1345\/aph.1E477"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1345\/aph.1E477"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1345\/aph.1e477","relation":{},"ISSN":["1060-0280","1542-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1060-0280","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]}}}