{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:47:20Z","timestamp":1777420040578,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]],"date-time":"2006-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the literature regarding the effect of glucosamine on glucose control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>English-language articles on the effects of administration of exogenous glucosamine on glucose control were identified through a search of MEDLINE (1966\u2013March 2006), EMBASE (1988\u2013March 2006), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970\u2013March 2006) databases using the search terms glucosamine, blood glucose, and diabetes mellitus. Abstracts of articles were then reviewed to determine relevance to the topic. Bibliographies of selected articles were screened for other pertinent references.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Synthesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Theoretically, glucosamine may alter glucose metabolism. Insulin resistance has been noted following intravenous administration of glucosamine in animal studies; however, these findings have not been confirmed in humans. Alterations in glucose control have not been documented in long-term efficacy studies using oral glucosamine for osteoarthritis or in trials of short duration conducted in healthy or diabetic subjects. The long-term effects of glucosamine in patients with diabetes have yet to be established in well-controlled trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Small, short-term studies suggest that glucosamine may be used in selected patients without affecting glucose control; however, data in patients with diabetes mellitus are limited, and close monitoring for potential changes in glucose control is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1e658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,28]],"date-time":"2006-03-28T23:48:16Z","timestamp":1143589696000},"page":"694-698","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effect of Glucosamine on Glucose Control"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Janice L","family":"Stumpf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Information Service, University of Michigan Health System and College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu-Wen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Health System and College of Pharmacy, Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacy Services, Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.1E658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.3.337"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.1E658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1E460"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.1E658","first-page":"2501","volume":"138","author":"Virkamaki A","year":"1997","journal-title":"En docrinology"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.1E658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.13.1587"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.1E658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.45.8.1003"},{"key":"bibr6-aph.1E658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.6.926"},{"key":"bibr7-aph.1E658","first-page":"2099","volume":"86","author":"Pouwels MJ","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"bibr8-aph.1E658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03610-2"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.1E658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.18.2113"},{"key":"bibr10-aph.1E658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2004.03.001"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.1E658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.6.1941"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.1E658","first-page":"A750","volume":"14","author":"Almada AL","year":"2000","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"bibr13-aph.1E658","first-page":"504","volume":"2","author":"D'ambrosio E","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapeutica"},{"key":"bibr14-aph.1E658","first-page":"260","volume":"3","author":"Drovanti A","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"bibr15-aph.1E658","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine and National Research Council of the National Academies. Glucosamine prototype monograph. Dietary supplements: a framework for evaluating safety. 2004. C1-C86. www.iom.edu\/Object.File\/Master\/19\/560\/0.pdf (accessed 2005 Aug 8)."},{"key":"bibr16-aph.1E658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2004.11.006"},{"key":"bibr17-aph.1E658","first-page":"699","volume":"51","author":"Setnikar I","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"bibr18-aph.1E658","first-page":"542","volume":"41","author":"Setnikar I","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"bibr19-aph.1E658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(77)90103-4"},{"key":"bibr20-aph.1E658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012225025475"},{"key":"bibr21-aph.1E658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.45.3.302"},{"key":"bibr22-aph.1E658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118538"},{"key":"bibr23-aph.1E658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)90195-2"},{"key":"bibr24-aph.1E658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.7.807-a"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1E658","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1E658","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:12:14Z","timestamp":1777374734000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1345\/aph.1E658"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1345\/aph.1E658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1345\/aph.1e658","relation":{},"ISSN":["1060-0280","1542-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1060-0280","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]}}}