{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:24:11Z","timestamp":1777418651388,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To discuss community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections and evaluate older antibiotics as suitable therapeutic treatment options.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (1966\u2013May 2006) were performed using the key terms methicillin resistance, community-acquired, community associated, treatment, Staphylococcus aureus, mec, and Panton-Valentine leukocidin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Selection and Data Extraction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All articles were critically evaluated and all relevant information was included in this review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Synthesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There has been a documented shift of methicillin resistance occurring in staphylococcal infections manifested within the community. Infections caused by CA-MRSA possess unique characteristics including lack of hospital-associated risk factors, improved susceptibility patterns, distinct genotypes, faster doubling times, and additional toxins. Potential therapeutic options to treat these infections include trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole (TMP\/SMX), clindamycin, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and new antimicrobials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CA-MRSA infections can be successfully treated with older, oral antibiotic agents including TMP\/SMX, clindamycin, and tetracyclines. Fluoroquinolones and linezolid should be avoided as first-line agents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1g404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T05:07:35Z","timestamp":1149052055000},"page":"1125-1133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: New Bug, Old Drugs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Kathryn E","family":"Sabol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly L","family":"Echevarria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Pharmacy Service, South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX;, Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"James S","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Pharmacy Service, University Health System, San Antonio; Clinical Assistant Professor, Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08713-5"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/427148"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/520289"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1941.00200110003001"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0702.010204"},{"key":"bibr6-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2004.03.007"},{"key":"bibr7-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196808292790901"},{"key":"bibr8-aph.1G404","first-page":"707","volume":"48","year":"1999","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/425313"},{"key":"bibr10-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.8.895"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.1G404","first-page":"793","volume":"52","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.1G404","first-page":"992","volume":"52","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr13-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.10.1201"},{"key":"bibr14-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200109000-00007"},{"key":"bibr15-aph.1G404","first-page":"2321","volume-title":"Principles and practice of infectious diseases","author":"Moreillon P","year":"2004","edition":"6"},{"key":"bibr16-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/344326"},{"key":"bibr17-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200304000-00007"},{"key":"bibr18-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/421090"},{"key":"bibr19-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043252"},{"key":"bibr20-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.22.2976"},{"key":"bibr21-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(02)00394-2"},{"key":"bibr22-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/378277"},{"key":"bibr23-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.11.5113-5120.2003"},{"key":"bibr24-aph.1G404","first-page":"88","volume":"52","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr25-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68231-7"},{"key":"bibr26-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.11.4289-4294.2002"},{"key":"bibr27-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.4.1147-1152.2002"},{"key":"bibr28-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200208000-00009"},{"key":"bibr29-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.7.2637-2651.2004"},{"key":"bibr30-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh107"},{"key":"bibr31-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.25.1.74.55620"},{"key":"bibr32-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)24468-7"},{"key":"bibr33-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313461"},{"key":"bibr34-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07877-7"},{"key":"bibr35-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1001.030144"},{"key":"bibr36-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0908.030089"},{"key":"bibr37-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/342576"},{"key":"bibr38-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.5.2080-2084.2004"},{"key":"bibr39-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/383247"},{"key":"bibr40-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/423965"},{"key":"bibr41-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-5-390"},{"key":"bibr42-aph.1G404","first-page":"1077","volume-title":"Reese and Betts\u2019 a practical approach to infectious diseases","author":"Reese RE","year":"2003","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr43-aph.1G404","volume-title":"Vibramycin (doxycycline)","author":"Package insert","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr44-aph.1G404","volume-title":"Minocin (minocycline)","author":"Package insert","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr45-aph.1G404","volume-title":"Levaquin (levofloxacin)","author":"Package insert","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr46-aph.1G404","volume-title":"Tequin (gatifloxacin)","author":"Package insert","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr47-aph.1G404","volume-title":"Avelox (moxifloxacin)","author":"Package insert","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr48-aph.1G404","volume-title":"Zyvox (linezolid)","author":"Package insert","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr49-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1D156"},{"key":"bibr50-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.29.6.1092"},{"key":"bibr51-aph.1G404","first-page":"62","volume":"43","author":"Hedstrom SA","year":"1984","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis Suppl"},{"key":"bibr52-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199911000-00012"},{"key":"bibr53-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/426894"},{"key":"bibr54-aph.1G404","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: 14th informational supplement","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr55-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000239166"},{"key":"bibr56-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000221939"},{"key":"bibr57-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.6.4.411"},{"key":"bibr58-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.5.1023"},{"key":"bibr59-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.34.5.559"},{"key":"bibr60-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0732-8893(89)90022-9"},{"key":"bibr61-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/13.suppl_C.17"},{"key":"bibr62-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/429628"},{"key":"bibr63-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.27.2.335-336.1989"},{"key":"bibr64-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.5.1080"},{"key":"bibr65-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.6.1279"},{"key":"bibr66-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1990.00390210111024"},{"key":"bibr67-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00011290"},{"key":"bibr68-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/379518"},{"key":"bibr69-aph.1G404","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: 15th informational supplement","author":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr70-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/45.3.353"},{"key":"bibr71-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2004.03.009"},{"key":"bibr72-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0911.030284"},{"key":"bibr73-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/340353"},{"key":"bibr74-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.6.2260-2266.2005"},{"key":"bibr75-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05410-1"},{"key":"bibr76-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh199"},{"key":"bibr77-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/345744"},{"key":"bibr78-aph.1G404","volume-title":"Synercid (quinupristin\/dalfopristin)","author":"Package insert","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr79-aph.1G404","volume-title":"Cubicin (daptomycin)","author":"Package insert","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr80-aph.1G404","volume-title":"Package insert, Tygacil (tigeocycline)","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr81-aph.1G404","author":"Perdreau-Remington F","year":"2004","journal-title":"Presented at: 44th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"bibr82-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-5-200603070-00005"},{"key":"bibr83-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/499815"},{"key":"bibr84-aph.1G404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/430910"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1G404","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1G404","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:07:46Z","timestamp":1777374466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1345\/aph.1G404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1345\/aph.1G404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1345\/aph.1g404","relation":{},"ISSN":["1060-0280","1542-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1060-0280","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}}}