{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:21:53Z","timestamp":1791994913958,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify, review, and analyze studies comparing atomoxetine with psychostimulants with the intent of determining the role of atomoxetine in the pharmacologic management of attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary, review, and meta-analysis articles were identified by a MEDLINE search (1966\u2013December 2005). MeSH headings used in the search include: attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, atomoxetine, stimulants, psychostimulants, methylphenidate, and amphetamine salts. Relevant data presented at professional meetings that we attended were also identified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Selection and Extraction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All clinical studies comparing atomoxetine with psychostimulants, regardless of study design, were evaluated. Relevant efficacy and safety data from these studies were included in the discussion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Synthesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At time of writing, 5 head-to-head trials had compared psychostimulants and atomoxetine in the treatment of ADHD. No significant difference between atomoxetine and methylphenidate immediate-release were found on the ADHD Rating Scale total score. Osmotic oral release system (OROS) methylphenidate showed significantly greater improvement at weeks 1 and 2, and significantly more patients treated with OROS methylphenidate were classified as responders. Patients on both atomoxetine and mixed amphetamine salts extended-release (MAS XR) showed significant improvements at endpoint over baseline; however, Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham (SKAMP) scores were significantly better with MAS XR. Tolerability was similar between atomoxetine and stimulant medications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on available evidence, psychostimulants are regarded as first-line pharmacologic treatment for children and adolescents with ADHD, as the efficacy and safety of these agents have been well established based on clinical trials and extensive naturalistic use. Adverse effects in some patients and abuse potential have led to the search for new treatments. Atomoxetine represents an alternative treatment for ADHD and is unlikely to be associated with abuse; however, long-term safety data are needed to further establish its place in therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1g582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T05:07:35Z","timestamp":1149052055000},"page":"1134-1142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Atomoxetine Versus Stimulants for Treatment of Attention Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Aaron P","family":"Gibson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Pharmacy Practice Resident\/MS Student, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tawny L","family":"Bettinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick C","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M Lynn","family":"Crismon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.14.1100"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.1G582","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Text-revised","year":"2000","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00240-6"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr4-aph.1G582","first-page":"17","volume":"59","author":"Zametkin AJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1990.118"},{"key":"bibr6-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2913-9_31"},{"key":"bibr7-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145703003973"},{"key":"bibr8-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199604000-00008"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-7138(09)60065-0"},{"key":"bibr10-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.7.1067"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.1995.5.301"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-4993(18)30109-3"},{"key":"bibr13-aph.1G582","volume-title":"Strattera (atomoxetine)","author":"Package insert","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr14-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215326.51175.eb"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr15-aph.1G582","first-page":"54","volume":"3","author":"Wilens TE","year":"2001","journal-title":"TEN: Trends in Evidence-Based Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"bibr16-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.11.1896"},{"key":"bibr17-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v63n1209"},{"key":"bibr18-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.5.e83"},{"key":"bibr19-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.1.e1"},{"key":"bibr20-aph.1G582","author":"Kratochvil CJ","year":"2004","journal-title":"Presented at: 157th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association"},{"key":"bibr21-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000125089.35109.81"},{"key":"bibr22-aph.1G582","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen L.","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr23-aph.1G582","author":"Faraone SV","year":"2003","journal-title":"Presented at: 156th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association"},{"key":"bibr24-aph.1G582","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"1980","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr25-aph.1G582","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"1987","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr26-aph.1G582","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorderrs","year":"1994","edition":"4"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr27-aph.1G582","first-page":"31","volume":"59","author":"Greenhill LL","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr28-aph.1G582","first-page":"24","volume":"59","author":"Conners CK","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr29-aph.1G582","volume-title":"ADHD Rating Scale-IV: checklists, norms, and clinical interpretations","author":"DuPaul GJ","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr30-aph.1G582","first-page":"39","volume":"5","author":"Faries DE","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Atten Disorders"},{"key":"bibr31-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200207000-00008"},{"key":"bibr32-aph.1G582","author":"Kemner JE","year":"2004","journal-title":"Presented at: 157th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association"},{"key":"bibr33-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054705281121"},{"key":"bibr34-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CHI.0000070245.24125.B6"},{"key":"bibr35-aph.1G582","author":"Michelson D.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Presented at: American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Meeting"},{"key":"bibr36-aph.1G582","author":"Sangal RB","year":"2004","journal-title":"Presented at: Associated Professional Sleep Societies Meeting"},{"key":"bibr37-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.12.1073"},{"key":"bibr38-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-4993(18)30455-3"},{"key":"bibr39-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-003-0004-2"},{"key":"bibr40-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950180030005"},{"key":"bibr41-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1994.02170080089017"},{"key":"bibr42-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199611000-00014"},{"key":"bibr43-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.4.762"},{"key":"bibr44-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197208032870503"},{"key":"bibr45-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800360079012"},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr46-aph.1G582","first-page":"50","volume":"63","author":"Wernicke JF","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr47-aph.1G582","author":"Allen AJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"Presented at: 57th annual meeting of the Society of Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr48-aph.1G582","author":"Wemicke JF","year":"2004","journal-title":"Presented at: 157th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association"},{"key":"bibr49-aph.1G582","author":"Gillberg C","year":"2003","journal-title":"Presented at: 12th International Congress of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr50-aph.1G582","unstructured":"Public health advisory for Adderall and Adderall XR. www.fda.gov\/cder\/drug\/advisory\/adderall.htm (accessed 2005 Sept 28)."},{"key":"bibr51-aph.1G582","unstructured":"Lilly announces important liver safety updates to Strattera label. www.newsroom.lilly.com\/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=150719 (accessed 2005 May 23)."},{"key":"bibr52-aph.1G582","unstructured":"Public health advisory for atomoxetine. www.fda.gov\/medwatch\/safety\/2005\/safety05.htm#strattera (accessed 2005 Dec 3)."},{"key":"bibr53-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1086-5802(16)30473-9"},{"key":"bibr54-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)37918-2","volume":"288","author":"Volkow ND","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"bibr55-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2003.08.013"},{"key":"bibr56-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1991.00400040119027"},{"key":"bibr57-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.1.179"},{"key":"bibr58-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/JA-120038031"},{"key":"bibr59-aph.1G582","author":"Jasinsky DR","year":"2004","journal-title":"Presented at: 157th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association"},{"key":"bibr60-aph.1G582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00053-4"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1G582","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1G582","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:07:49Z","timestamp":1777374469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1345\/aph.1G582"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1345\/aph.1G582"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1345\/aph.1g582","relation":{},"ISSN":["1060-0280","1542-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1060-0280","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}}}