{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:31:38Z","timestamp":1777419098369,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]],"date-time":"2007-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the pharmacology, safety and efficacy, and rationale for use of oral oxymorphone for the management of acute and chronic moderate-to-severe pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A PubMed\/MEDLINE search (1966-March 2007) was conducted using the following terms: oral oxymorphone, oxymorphone, EN 3202, EN 3203, Opana, and Opana ER. Manufacturer-provided data (package inserts) and abstracts presented at the American Pain Society meetings (2003\u20132006) were also reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Selection and Data Extraction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of oral oxymorphone in pain management were considered; animal and non\u2013English-language data were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Synthesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral oxymorphone is a semisynthetic opioid agonist that is specific for the \u03bc-opioid receptor and approved to treat both acute and chronic pain. Unlike other opioids, such as oxycodone, oxymorphone does not bind to the \u03ba-opioid receptor. Due to extensive liver metabolism, oral oxymorphone is contraindicated in patients with moderate-to-severe hepatic impairment; however, no clinically significant CYP3A4, 2C9, or 2D6 mediated drug-drug interactions have been noted. Elderly patients may experience a 40% increase in plasma concentrations, while renally impaired patients may have a 57\u201365% increase in bioavailability. Food can increase the rate of absorption by as much as 50%, necessitating dosing either 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal. Oxymorphone's primary adverse effects are similar to those of other opioids: nausea, vomiting, pruritus, pyrexia, and constipation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oxymorphone is an oral therapeutic option approved for the treatment of acute and chronic moderate-to-severe pain. Oxymorphone has a safety and efficacy profile similar to that of other commonly used pure opioids (morphine, oxycodone, hydromorphone). Like oxycodone and morphine, oxymorphone also has immediate-release and extended-re lease formulations. Since cost alone is not yet favorable for oxymorphone over oxycodone or morphine, further studies of comparative efficacy targeting potential advantages of oxymorphone over other opioids are necessary before considering it for addition to a formulary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1h451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,26]],"date-time":"2007-06-26T20:39:21Z","timestamp":1182890361000},"page":"1144-1152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Oral Oxymorphone for Pain Management"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Kevin W","family":"Chamberlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center & University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Farmington, CT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Cottle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Neville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.1H451","unstructured":"Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. www.m-w.com\/dictionary\/pain (accessed 2006 Aug 1)."},{"key":"bibr2-aph.1H451","first-page":"540","volume":"48","author":"De Moulin D.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Bull Hist Med"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.1H451","volume-title":"Paradise lost.","author":"Milton J.","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.1H451","volume-title":"The eternal search: the story of man and his drugs.","author":"Mathison R.R.","year":"1958"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.1H451","first-page":"S1","volume":"3","author":"International Association for the Study of Pain.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"bibr6-aph.1H451","volume-title":"Cancer pain relief and palliative care: Report of WHO Expert Committee","author":"World Health Organization.","year":"1996","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr7-aph.1H451","volume-title":"Manual of pain management.","author":"Stranc D.S.","year":"2002","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr8-aph.1H451","unstructured":"FDA OKs the pain drug Opana: prescription drug is oral form of painkiller that used to be injection-only. WebMD. www.webmd.com\/content\/article\/124\/115549.htm (accessed 2006 Aug 1)."},{"key":"bibr9-aph.1H451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm030311v"},{"key":"bibr10-aph.1H451","volume-title":"Opana (oxymorphone hydrochloride).","author":"Package insert.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.1H451","volume-title":"Opana ER (oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release).","author":"Package insert.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.1H451","unstructured":"Thomson Micromedex Healthcare Series. www.thomsonhc.com\/hcs\/librarian (accessed 2006 Jul 19)."},{"key":"bibr13-aph.1H451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.24.5.468.33347"},{"key":"bibr14-aph.1H451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.44.2.167"},{"key":"bibr15-aph.1H451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270004271969"},{"key":"bibr16-aph.1H451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.07.303"},{"key":"bibr17-aph.1H451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-004-0731-1"},{"key":"bibr18-aph.1H451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2005.00057.x"},{"key":"bibr19-aph.1H451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270004266487"},{"key":"bibr20-aph.1H451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mjt.0000139442.65914.f9"},{"key":"bibr21-aph.1H451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000132548.91622.B3"},{"key":"bibr22-aph.1H451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00126839-200304030-00012"},{"key":"bibr23-aph.1H451","unstructured":"BaichwalA., StaniforthJ., AdamsM., AhdiehH. Penwest. Patterson, NY. Gamma scintigraphy imaging and pharmacokinetic analysis of extended release TIMERx technology (abstract 831). Presented at: American Pain Society Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada, May 6\u20139, 2004. www.ampainsoc.org\/db2\/abstract\/view?poster_id=2123#831 (accessed 2006 Jul 26)."},{"key":"bibr24-aph.1H451","unstructured":"Penwest Pharmaceuticals Co. 2006. www.penwest.com\/timerx_description.html (accessed 2006 Aug 3)."},{"key":"bibr25-aph.1H451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S147895150404026X"},{"key":"bibr26-aph.1H451","unstructured":"BerryP.H., ChapmanC.R., CovingtonE.C., DahlJ.L., KatzJ.A., MiaskowskiC. Pain: current understanding of assessment, management, and treatments. National Pharmaceutical Council (NPC) and Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) 2001."},{"key":"bibr27-aph.1H451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(01)00294-9"},{"key":"bibr28-aph.1H451","volume-title":"MS Contin (morphine sulfate controlled-release).","author":"Package insert.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr29-aph.1H451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/030079904125003854"},{"key":"bibr30-aph.1H451","volume-title":"Red Book.","year":"2007"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1H451","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1H451","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:09:22Z","timestamp":1777374562000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1345\/aph.1H451"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7-8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1345\/aph.1H451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1345\/aph.1h451","relation":{},"ISSN":["1060-0280","1542-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1060-0280","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]}}}