{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:30:23Z","timestamp":1777419023142,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the available literature addressing preventive strategies of post-cardiothoracic surgery atrial fibrillation (post-CTS atrial fibrillation).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pertinent articles related to the etiology, risk factors, and preventive strategies were identified through a MEDLINE search (1966\u2013March 2007) using the MeSH terms atrial fibrillation, cardiothoracic surgery, cardiac surgery, etiology, neurohormonal, sympathetic, volume, fluid, inflammation, risk factors, operative, pacing, \u03b2-adrenergic blockers, amiodarone, sotalol, calcium-channel blockers, magnesium, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, statins, fatty acids, PUFA, steroids, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Selection and Data Extraction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Articles evaluated were limited to human studies, published in the English language, with a Jadad score greater than 3. References of identified articles were reviewed for additional pertinent articles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Synthesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-CTS atrial fibrillation most commonly occurs on the second or third postoperative day, with an incidence of 20\u201350%. Etiology theories include neurohormonal activation, volume overload, and inflammation. Studies examining nonpharmacologic therapies have shown that maintenance of the anterior epicardial fat pad is not a viable prophylactic strategy. Biatrial cardiac pacing, especially in combination with amiodarone, is a viable preventive option. Withdrawal of preoperative \u03b2-blockers places patients at higher risk for atrial fibrillation; these drugs should be continued postoperatively. Evidence exists supporting the use of amiodarone, sotalol, and magnesium in addition to \u03b2-blockers. Since most of these strategies work by attenuating neurohormonal activation, adverse events, including hypotension and bradycardia, are of concern. Adding agents with antiinflammatory properties, including hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors or corticosteroids, may prove to be of benefit. Additional studies using novel therapies are needed in addition to established preventive strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Available evidence supports the continuation of preoperative \u03b2-blockers, as well as prophylactic amiodarone, sotalol, and magnesium. Other novel therapies, mostly targeting inflammation, are under investigation and may provide additional strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1h594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,20]],"date-time":"2007-03-20T20:08:25Z","timestamp":1174421305000},"page":"587-598","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Cardiology: Post-Cardiothoracic Surgery Atrial Fibrillation: A Review of Preventive Strategies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"William L","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut; Divisions of Cardiology and Drug Information, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C Michael","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut; Co-Director, Arrhythmia and Cardiac Pharmacology Research, Divisions of Cardiology and Drug Information, Hartford Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.1H594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.07.018"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.1H594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.2_suppl.6S"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.1H594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540040044031"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.1H594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)01530-7"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.1H594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2003.09.077"},{"key":"bibr6-aph.1H594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0736(68)80020-2"},{"key":"bibr7-aph.1H594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)00718-0"},{"key":"bibr8-aph.1H594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.66.1.49"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.1H594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.5.429"},{"key":"bibr10-aph.1H594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.29.5.437"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.1H594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.08.017"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.1H594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.5.1686"},{"key":"bibr13-aph.1H594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.07.055"},{"key":"bibr14-aph.1H594","first-page":"II-195","volume":"108","author":"Gaudino M","year":"2003","journal-title":"Is atrial fibrillation an inflammatory complication? 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