{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:27:14Z","timestamp":1777418834664,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]],"date-time":"2007-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report a case of possible oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case Summary:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 73-year-old female was admitted to the hospital for acute hepatitis. Extensive laboratory testing did not reveal the cause of the patient's disease. She was asked multiple times whether she was taking any home medications, which she initially denied. It was only after an extensive medication history done by a clinical pharmacist that the patient admitted to using oral aloe vera capsules for constipation. Upon discontinuation of the oral aloe vera, liver markers of hepatotoxicity returned to normal levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Herbal medications pose an increasing problem in patient safety, as the different types of these products and the number of patients who use them continue to grow. In the US, these products are not subject to the same regulatory scrutiny as prescription medications; thus, safety information can be difficult to obtain. In particular, hepatic toxicity due to herbal agents is poorly described in the medical literature. Aloe vera, often used topically for minor burns, can also be used orally as a laxative or an \u201canti-aging\u201d agent. According to the Naranjo probability scale, the hepatotoxicity in this case was possibly related to ingestion of oral aloe vera. Additionally, using the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method for determining drug hepatotoxicity, the patient's symptoms were scored as probably caused by oral aloe vera. The more conservative designation was used in our report.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With the widespread use of oral aloe vera and other herbal products, clinicians faced with a case of acute hepatitis that is not readily diagnosed should question patients about herbal use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1k132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,28]],"date-time":"2007-08-28T22:34:03Z","timestamp":1188340443000},"page":"1740-1743","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Oral Aloe Vera-Induced Hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Michelle M","family":"Bottenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Des Moines, IA; Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Drake University, Des Moines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey C","family":"Wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa Methodist Medical Center, Des Moines; Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Drake University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger L","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa Health Physicians, Des Moines; Iowa Methodist Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahid","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Liver Disease Iowa Health Physicians, Des Moines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.1K132","author":"Barnes P","year":"2002","journal-title":"Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults: United States"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.1K132","first-page":"823","volume":"49","author":"Vogler BK","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.1K132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.6.1101"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.1K132","unstructured":"Botanic Choice Web site, www.botanicchoice.com (accessed 2007 May 15)."},{"key":"bibr5-aph.1K132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2000.02349.x"},{"key":"bibr6-aph.1K132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i2.303"},{"key":"bibr7-aph.1K132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2006.04.017"},{"key":"bibr8-aph.1K132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80297-9"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.1K132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastro.2005.05.006"},{"key":"bibr10-aph.1K132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra052270"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.1K132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1981.154"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.1K132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90101-6"},{"key":"bibr13-aph.1K132","unstructured":"American Botanical Council. The complete German Commission E monographs therapeutic guide to herbal medicines 1999. Newton, MA: Integrative Medicine Communications, 1999:80\u20131."},{"key":"bibr14-aph.1K132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-9876"},{"key":"bibr15-aph.1K132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000468631"},{"key":"bibr16-aph.1K132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2004.01902.x"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1K132","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1K132","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:08:25Z","timestamp":1777374505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1345\/aph.1K132"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1345\/aph.1K132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1345\/aph.1k132","relation":{},"ISSN":["1060-0280","1542-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1060-0280","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}}}