{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:16:38Z","timestamp":1777418198742,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]],"date-time":"2009-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate evidence for use of aromatase inhibitors for ovulation induction and pregnancy in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A MEDLINE search (1966\u2013May 2009) was conducted using the search terms anastrozole, aromatase inhibitors, axemestane, letrozole, ovulation, and polycystic ovary syndrome to identify relevant studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Selection and Data Extraction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective clinical trials published in English and conducted in humans were identified. Trials using intrauterine insemination methods for pregnancy were excluded. The resulting articles were separated into 2 groups: aromatase inhibitor use in clomiphene-resistant patients and use in treatment-naive patients. Eleven trials were reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Synthesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accepted pharmacologic treatments for women with PCOS and infertility include clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs. Each medication has variable efficacy rates and adverse effects. Therefore, other treatments are needed for a subset of women with PCOS and infertility. Evidence suggests that nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors, specifically letrozole and anastrozole, may have ovulation-inducing effects by inhibiting androgen-to-estrogen conversion. Select trials with aromatase inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy for increased endometrium thickness, ovulation rates, and pregnancy rates when used in clomiphene citrate\u2013resistant or treatment-na\u00efve patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Further trials comparing aromatase inhibitors with clomiphene citrate are necessary before aromatase inhibitors can be recommended routinely for ovulation induction in women with PCOS and infertility. However, aromatase inhibitors may be considered in a subset of this population, specifically women who are clomiphene citrate resistant or those who, after discussion of risks and benefits, are not candidates for clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins, or GnRH analogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1m096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]],"date-time":"2009-07-07T23:44:38Z","timestamp":1247010278000},"page":"1338-1346","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Aromatase Inhibitors for Ovulation and Pregnancy in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Karen R","family":"Eckmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University Health System\/Medical College of Virginia Hospitals, Richmond"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise R","family":"Kockler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Information Services, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System\/Medical College of Virginia Hospitals; Associate Clinical Professor, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199509283331307"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.10.004"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136092"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019173"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.09.041"},{"key":"bibr6-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei042"},{"key":"bibr7-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei128"},{"key":"bibr8-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg459"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)01675-7"},{"key":"bibr10-aph.1M096","volume-title":"Product information. Arimidex (anastrozole)","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.1M096","volume-title":"Product information. Femara (letrozole)","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.1M096","volume-title":"Product information. Aromasin (exemestane)","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr13-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200666170-00001"},{"key":"bibr14-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)01705-2"},{"key":"bibr15-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.08.016"},{"key":"bibr16-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)02929-6"},{"key":"bibr17-aph.1M096","author":"Begum MR","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"bibr18-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1834"},{"key":"bibr19-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.010"},{"key":"bibr20-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2003.11.010"},{"key":"bibr21-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.010"},{"key":"bibr22-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del020"},{"key":"bibr23-aph.1M096","author":"Badawy A","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"bibr24-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000603400109"},{"key":"bibr25-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.04.026"},{"key":"bibr26-aph.1M096","author":"Badawy A","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr27-aph.1M096","first-page":"0-231","volume":"84","author":"Biljan MM","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"bibr28-aph.1M096","unstructured":"Fontana PG Leclerc JM. Contraindication of Femara (letrozole) in premenopausal women. www.hc-sc.gc.ca\/dhp-mps\/alt_formats\/hpfb-dgpsa\/pdf\/medeff\/femara_hpc-cps-eng.pdf (accessed 2008 Dec 14)."},{"key":"bibr29-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.03.014"},{"key":"bibr30-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)32551-8"},{"key":"bibr31-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.05.064"},{"key":"bibr32-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136313"},{"key":"bibr33-aph.1M096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008368300827"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1M096","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1M096","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:06:41Z","timestamp":1777374401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1345\/aph.1M096"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7-8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1345\/aph.1M096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1345\/aph.1m096","relation":{},"ISSN":["1060-0280","1542-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1060-0280","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}}}