{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:26:50Z","timestamp":1777418810790,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,18]],"date-time":"2011-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1318896000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background::<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A resurgence of aminoglycoside use has followed the recent increase of multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens and is often needed even in the treatment of dialysis-dependent patients; however, studies evaluating the treatment of gram-negative infections with aminoglycosides, including the optimal dose, in the setting of dialysis are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the current patterns of aminoglycoside use, including microbiologic and clinical indications, and identify risk factors associated with mortality in dialysis-dependent patients receiving aminoglycosides.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Utilization, clinical, and microbiologic data were collected retrospectively over a 2-year period (July 2008-June 2010) for adults with a diagnosis of renal failure requiring dialysis and aminoglycoside therapy. Binary logistic and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for alt-cause 30-day mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety-five consecutive aminoglycoside courses in 88 patients met inclusion criteria for evaluation. A wide variety of clinical and microbiologic indications were documented. The average duration of aminoglycoside therapy was 5.2 days (range 1-42), the average duration of antimicrobial therapy was 13.5 days (1-60), and the all-cause 30-day mortality rate was 36.5%. Factors associated with all-cause 30-day mortality were gram-negative rod (GNR) bacteremia (OR 28.6; p = 0.035), advanced age (OR 8.5; p = 0.030), recent admission (OR 33.4; p = 0.038). and inadequate empiric therapy (OR 14.9; p = 0.024). Intravenous catheter removal was protective of all-cause 30-day mortality (OR 0.01; p = 0.005). A first pre-dialysis plasma concentration relative to the minimum inhibitory concentration (Cp:MIC) &lt;6 mg\/L (gentamicin\/tobramycin) was associated with an increased risk of mortality (p = 0.026) upon subgroup analysis of dialysis-dependent patients with GNR bloodstream infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outcomes among dialysis-dependent patients who received aminoglycosides were below expectations. Various risk factors for mortality were identified, including retention of the catheter, inadequate empiric therapy, and a Cp:MIC &lt;6 mg\/L. Improved approaches to dosing of aminoglycosides in dialysis-dependent patients, including more aggressive dosing practices, should be urgently explored in attempts to maximize favorable patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1q403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,19]],"date-time":"2011-10-19T00:20:31Z","timestamp":1318983631000},"page":"1338-1345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Clinical Experience with Aminoglycosides in Dialysis-Dependent Patients: Risk Factors for Mortality and Reassessment of Current Dosing Practices"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Brett H","family":"Heintz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of California\u2013San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Pharmacist Specialist, Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmaceutical Services, University of California\u2013Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"George R","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California\u2013Davis Health System; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Coccidioidomycosis Serology Laboratory, University of California\u2013Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William E","family":"Dager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Services, University of California\u2013Davis Health System; Clinical Professor of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California\u2013San Francisco; Clinical Professor of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California\u2013Davis; Professor or Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Touro University, Vallejo, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.1Q403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00509.x"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.1Q403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181a03961"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.1Q403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2007.00333.x"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.1Q403","first-page":"95","volume":"64","author":"Kessler M","year":"1993","journal-title":"A multicenter prospective survey. 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