{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T02:41:13Z","timestamp":1781145673053,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]],"date-time":"2012-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Guidelines recommend that agents other than vancomycin be considered for some types of infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) when the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to vancomycin is 2 \u03bcg\/mL or more. Alternative therapeutic options include daptomycin and linezolid, 2 relatively new and expensive drugs, and trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole (TMP\/SMX), an old and inexpensive agent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the clinical efficacy and potential cost savings associated with use of TMP\/SMX compared to linezolid and daptomycin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study was conducted at Detroit Medical Center. For calendar year 2009, unique adults (age &gt;18 years) with infections due to MRSA with an MIC to vancomycin of 2 \u03bcg\/mL were included if they received 2 or more doses of TMP\/SMX and\/or daptomycin and\/or linezolid. Data were abstracted from patient charts and pharmacy records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 328 patients included in the study cohort: 143 received TMP\/SMX alone, 89 received daptomycin alone, 75 received linezolid alone, and 21 patients received a combination of 2 or more of these agents. In univariate analysis, patients who received TMP\/SMX alone had significantly better outcomes, including in-hospital (p = 0.003) and 90-day mortality (p &lt; 0.001) compared to patients treated with daptomycin or linezolid. Patients receiving TMP\/SMX were also younger (p &lt; 0.001), had fewer comorbid conditions (p &lt; 0.001), had less severe acute severity of illness (p &lt; 0.001), and received appropriate therapy more rapidly (p = 0.001). In multivariate models the association between TMP\/SMX treatment and mortality was no longer significant. Antimicrobial cost savings associated with using TMP\/SMX averaged $2067.40 per patient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TMP\/SMX monotherapy compared favorably to linezolid and daptomycin in terms of treatment efficacy and mortality. Use of TMP\/SMX instead of linezolid or daptomycin could potentially significantly reduce antibiotic costs. TMP\/SMX should be considered for the treatment of MRSA infection with MIC of 2 \u03bcg\/mL to vancomycin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1r211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,5]],"date-time":"2012-12-05T11:19:22Z","timestamp":1354706362000},"page":"1587-1597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections with a Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of 2 \u03bcg\/mL to Vancomycin: Old (Trimethoprim\/Sulfamethoxazole) versus New (Daptomycin or Linezolid) Agents"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Michelle L","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Harper University Hospital, Detroit, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dror","family":"Marchaim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Harper University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason M","family":"Pogue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Services, Sinai-Grace Hospital, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharath","family":"Sunkara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Harper University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suchitha","family":"Bheemreddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Harper University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Bathina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Harper University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harish","family":"Pulluru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Harper University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neelu","family":"Chugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Harper University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie N","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Harper University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"Moshos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinai-Grace Hospital, Detroit Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberley","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Harper University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayoko","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Harper University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily T","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul R","family":"Lephart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Laboratories, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit Receiving Hospital, Detroit, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Rybak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith S","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Prevention, Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Stewardship, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, University Health Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir034"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/600877"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01133-10"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.1R211","author":"Satola SW","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2010.10.029"},{"key":"bibr6-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2130-7"},{"key":"bibr7-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2006.08.003"},{"key":"bibr8-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.6.2398-2402.2004"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0903.2005.00986.x"},{"key":"bibr10-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir124"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir270"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir764"},{"key":"bibr13-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir777"},{"key":"bibr14-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31822db658"},{"key":"bibr15-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir167"},{"key":"bibr16-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir164"},{"key":"bibr17-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/596629"},{"key":"bibr18-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-5-390"},{"key":"bibr19-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2010.06.090270"},{"key":"bibr20-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq179"},{"key":"bibr21-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00185-10"},{"key":"bibr22-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000298158.12101.41"},{"key":"bibr23-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8"},{"key":"bibr24-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.291.6493.432"},{"key":"bibr25-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1963.03060120024016"},{"key":"bibr26-aph.1R211","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimibrobial susceptibility testing. Nineteenth informational supplement. Approved standard M100-S19","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr27-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.757"},{"key":"bibr28-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-1128-3"},{"key":"bibr29-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir067"},{"key":"bibr30-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/661599"},{"key":"bibr31-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.37"},{"key":"bibr32-aph.1R211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.142"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1R211","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1R211","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:09:32Z","timestamp":1777374572000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1345\/aph.1R211"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1345\/aph.1R211"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1345\/aph.1r211","relation":{},"ISSN":["1060-0280","1542-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1060-0280","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}}}