{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:47:24Z","timestamp":1777420044247,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antipsychotic medications are extensively used in nursing homes for management of behavioral and psychiatric disorders in the elderly. Prior research suggests that pneumonia is one of the common causes of anti psychotic-related mortality in this population. None of the studies compared typical and atypical antipsychotics with respect to pneumonia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the risk of pneumonia with use of typical versus atypical antipsychotics in dual eligible elderly nursing home residents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study involved a retrospective cohort design matched on propensity score using Medicare and Medicaid Analytical eXtract data from 4 US states. The study population included all elderly dual eligible (Medicaid and Medicare) nursing home residents (aged \u226565 years) who initiated antipsychotics any time between July 1, 2001, and December 31, 2003. The risk of pneumonia during the 6-month follow-up period was modeled using a Cox proportional model and extended Cox hazard model stratified on matched pairs based on propensity score, using atypical agents as the reference category.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analysis of Medicaid-Medicare data revealed that there were 49,904 new antipsychotic (46,293 atypical and 3611 typical) users in the unmatched cohort and 7218 (3609 atypical and 3609 typical) users in the matched cohort. The unadjusted rate of pneumonia was 8.17% (4.61 events per person year) for atypical users and 5.21% (5.21 events per person year) for typical users. The results of Cox regression (average hazard ratio [HR] 1.24; 95% CI 0.94\u20131.64) and extended regression (&lt;50 days: HR 1.17, 95% CI 0.83\u20131.66; and 50\u2013180 days: HR 1.36, 95% CI 0.87\u20132.14) suggest that there was no significant difference in the risk of pneumonia among typical and atypical users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study found no differential risk of pneumonia between typical versus atypical antipsychotic use in dual eligible nursing home residents. Given the differential risk of mortality with typical and atypical antipsychotic use in nursing homes, more research is needed to evaluate other contributory factors of mortality with respect to these 2 antipsychotic classes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1r510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,2]],"date-time":"2013-04-02T20:17:20Z","timestamp":1364933840000},"page":"464-474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Risk of Pneumonia in Elderly Nursing Home Residents Using Typical Versus Atypical Antipsychotics"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Rajender R","family":"Aparasu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rajender R Aparasu MPharm PhD, Department of Clinical Sciences and Administration, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Texas Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satabdi","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Satabdi Chatterjee BPharm MS, Department of Clinical Sciences and Administration, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Texas Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hua Chen MD PhD, Department of Clinical Sciences and Administration, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Texas Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2008.10.002"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.469"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.00566.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr4-aph.1R510","first-page":"5","volume":"65","author":"Alexopoulos GS, Streim J, Carpenter D, Docherty JP; Expert Consensus Panel for Using Antipsychotic Drugs in Older Patients","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.1R510","unstructured":"5. Office of Inspector General, Department of Health and Human Services, Medicare Atypical Antipsychotic Drug Claims for Elderly Nursing Home Residents, OEI-07-08-00150 (May 2011), http:\/\/oig.hhs.gov\/oei\/reports\/oei-07-08-00150.pdf (accessed 2010 Dec 3)."},{"key":"bibr6-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051688"},{"key":"bibr7-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.10.1079"},{"key":"bibr8-aph.1R510","unstructured":"8. Food and Drug Administration Public Health Advisory: Deaths with antipsychotics in elderly patients with behavioral disturbances. http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/Drugs\/DrugSafety\/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders\/DrugSafetyInformationforHeathcareProfessionals\/PublicHealthAdvisories\/ucm053171.htm (accessed 2010 Dec 3)."},{"key":"bibr9-aph.1R510","unstructured":"9. Food and Drug Administration Public Health Advisory. Information for healthcare professionals: conventional antipsychotics. http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/Drugs\/DrugSafety\/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders\/ucm124830.htm (accessed 2010 Dec 3)."},{"key":"bibr10-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00440190123012"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00262-9"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2007.02.003"},{"key":"bibr13-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.19.2427"},{"key":"bibr14-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200410000-00009"},{"key":"bibr15-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01070.x"},{"key":"bibr16-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.17.2058"},{"key":"bibr17-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/426023"},{"key":"bibr18-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-011-0175-y"},{"key":"bibr19-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.01839.x"},{"key":"bibr20-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-7-201004060-00006"},{"key":"bibr21-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01625.x"},{"key":"bibr22-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp10X532396"},{"key":"bibr23-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000203598.43314.34"},{"key":"bibr24-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5034\/inquiryjrnl_42.2.171"},{"key":"bibr25-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31826ec185"},{"key":"bibr26-aph.1R510","unstructured":"26. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) general information. http:\/\/www.cms.hhs.gov\/MedicaidDataSourcesGenInfo\/07_MAXGeneralInformation.asp (accessed 2010 Dec 3)."},{"key":"bibr27-aph.1R510","unstructured":"27. Research Data Assistance Center (ResDAC). Available CMS data. http:\/\/www.resdac.umn.edu\/Available_CMS_Data.asp (accessed 2010 Dec 3)."},{"key":"bibr28-aph.1R510","unstructured":"28. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Medicare Standard Analytical Files: Identifiable Data Files. http:\/\/www.cms.hhs.gov\/IdentifiableDataFiles\/02_StandardAnalyticalFiles.asp (accessed 2010 Dec 3)."},{"key":"bibr29-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg231"},{"key":"bibr30-aph.1R510","unstructured":"30. MEPS HC-052 2000 Medical Conditions, June 2003. http:\/\/www.meps.ahrq.gov\/mepsweb\/data_stats\/download_data\/pufs\/h52\/h52doc.pdf (accessed 2010 Dec 3)."},{"key":"bibr31-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41"},{"key":"bibr32-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj149"},{"key":"bibr33-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2008.10.003"},{"key":"bibr34-aph.1R510","unstructured":"34. Parson LS. Reducing bias in a propensity score matched-pair sample using greedy matching techniques. http:\/\/www2.sas.com\/proceedings\/sugi26\/p214-26.pdf (accessed 2010 Dec 3)."},{"key":"bibr35-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2202\/1557-4679.1146"},{"key":"bibr36-aph.1R510","unstructured":"36. Alexander MT, Kufera JA. Butting heads on matched cohort analysis using SAS software. http:\/\/www.nesug.org\/proceedings\/nesug07\/sa\/sa01.pdf (accessed 2010 Dec 3)."},{"key":"bibr37-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.1.328"},{"key":"bibr38-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.5.8912763"},{"key":"bibr39-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2001.49249.x"},{"key":"bibr40-aph.1R510","first-page":"37","volume":"24","author":"Sagar R","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"bibr41-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-8343(01)00145-1"},{"key":"bibr42-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089198879600900305"},{"key":"bibr43-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000052811"},{"key":"bibr44-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200528030-00002"},{"key":"bibr45-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-199902000-00010"},{"key":"bibr46-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.v06n0101","volume":"6","author":"Miller DD","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prim Car Companion J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr47-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.45.4.254"},{"key":"bibr48-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986712803530476"},{"key":"bibr49-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009804"},{"key":"bibr50-aph.1R510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.10.018"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1R510","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1345\/aph.1R510","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1345\/aph.1R510","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:12:44Z","timestamp":1777374764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1345\/aph.1R510"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1345\/aph.1R510"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1345\/aph.1r510","relation":{},"ISSN":["1060-0280","1542-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1060-0280","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}}}