{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T18:22:02Z","timestamp":1778610122690,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,28]],"date-time":"2013-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the efficacy of nepafenac in the treatment of pain and inflammation in patients after cataract surgery using evidence from controlled clinical studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SOURCES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Citations in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science from January 1, 2005, to March 25, 2013, were identified using nepafenac and cataract as search terms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The literature search was limited to human studies published in English. Three trials that compared nepafenac with other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SYNTHESIS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nepafenac 0.1% suspension (and its active metabolite, amfenac) were compared with bromfenac 0.09% solution and ketorolac 0.4% solution with respect to aqueous humor concentrations and ability to reduce cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes. The maximum concentration (C\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) values of ketorolac and amfenac were statistically similar, while the C\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      of bromfenac was significantly lower than that of amfenac. Ketorolac most effectively inhibited COX-1 enzymes; COX-2 enzymes were most effectively reduced by amfenac. When nepafenac 0.1% suspension was compared with placebo and ketorolac 0.5% solution, nepafenac achieved a higher percentage cure rate than placebo at day 14 (p = 0.0241). Significant differences in cure rates between nepafenac and ketorolac were not observed. Nepafenac 0.1%, bromfenac 0.09%, and ketorolac 0.45% were compared to determine which most effectively reduced prostaglandin E2 (PGE\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) following surgery. PGE\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      concentrations were significantly lowest in the ketorolac group, followed by the bromfenac and nepafenac groups, respectively. Topical nepafenac 0.1% suspension was approved in 2005. A 0.3% suspension was approved in October 2012. The 0.3% product may have some advantages over its predecessor: it is dosed once rather than thrice daily, which may increase patient adherence and improve outcomes. The price and dosing frequency of the 0.3% product are comparable to those of bromfenac 0.09% solution.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 2 nepafenac products appear to be equally efficacious, with a slightly increased adverse event rate in patients using the 0.3% versus 0.1% formulation. Head-to-head clinical trials that compare the 0.3% product with the 0.1% product or other commercially available NSAIDs are unavailable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1r757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,29]],"date-time":"2013-05-29T00:53:07Z","timestamp":1369788787000},"page":"892-896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Nepafenac: An Ophthalmic Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug for Pain After Cataract Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Benjamin M","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Benjamin M Jones, PharmD student, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael W","family":"Neville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael W Neville PharmD BCPS FASHP, Clinical Associate Professor, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-aph.1R757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17925\/EOR.2012.06.03.173"},{"key":"bibr2-aph.1R757","first-page":"527","volume":"1","author":"Nardi M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bibr3-aph.1R757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2011.626018"},{"key":"bibr4-aph.1R757","volume-title":"Facts and Comparisons eAnswers","author":"Ophthalmic topical non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)"},{"key":"bibr5-aph.1R757","unstructured":"Albrect R. Nepafenac 0.3% ophthalmic suspension NDA approval. http:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/appletter\/2012\/203491Orig1s000ltr.pdf (accessed 2012 Nov 4)."},{"key":"bibr6-aph.1R757","unstructured":"Chang F. New drugs in the ophthalmic pipeline. 2012. http:\/\/www.revoptom.com\/content\/c\/36633\/ (accessed 2012 Nov 4)."},{"key":"bibr7-aph.1R757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2009.10.018"},{"key":"bibr8-aph.1R757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2008.01491.x"},{"key":"bibr9-aph.1R757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2010.2122.x"},{"key":"bibr10-aph.1R757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.01.034"},{"key":"bibr11-aph.1R757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.98705"},{"key":"bibr12-aph.1R757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.06.043"},{"key":"bibr13-aph.1R757","unstructured":"Product information. Nevanac (nepafenac) 0.3% ophthalmic suspension. Fort Worth, TX: Alcon Laboratories Inc., October 2012."},{"key":"bibr14-aph.1R757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17925\/EOR.2012.06.03.169"},{"key":"bibr15-aph.1R757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17469899.3.2.131"},{"key":"bibr16-aph.1R757","unstructured":"Product information. Nevanac (nepafenac) 0.1% ophthalmic suspension. Fort Worth, TX: Alcon Laboratories Inc., July 2011"},{"key":"bibr17-aph.1R757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.07.017"},{"key":"bibr18-aph.1R757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.11.023"},{"key":"bibr19-aph.1R757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.11.024"},{"key":"bibr20-aph.1R757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2011.03.052"},{"key":"bibr21-aph.1R757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2011.10.025"},{"key":"bibr22-aph.1R757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2011.10.026"},{"key":"bibr23-aph.1R757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2008.0023"},{"key":"bibr24-aph.1R757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2008.0145"},{"key":"bibr25-aph.1R757","first-page":"386","volume":"25","author":"Maxwell WA","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"bibr26-aph.1R757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.05.015"},{"key":"bibr27-aph.1R757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-011-0080-7"},{"key":"bibr28-aph.1R757","unstructured":"Confirmatory study: nepafenac 0.3% (NCT01109173). http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01109173?term=nepafenac+0.3%25&rank=2 (accessed 2012 Nov 4)."},{"key":"bibr29-aph.1R757","unstructured":"Nepafenac 0.3% Two Study (NCT01318499). http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01318499?term=nepafenac+0.3%25&rank=1 (accessed 2012 Nov 4)."},{"key":"bibr30-aph.1R757","unstructured":"Redbook online system. 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